Scorzonera L.
- Dataset
- Cichorieae Systematics Portal
- Rank
- GENUS
- Published in
- Linnaeus, C. v. 1753: Species plantarum. – Holmiae
Classification
- genus
- Scorzonera
Description
"Habit, life form, subterranean parts: perennial or biennial herbs, often with leaf rosettes, rootstock cylindrical.\rLeaves: rosulate leaves present, petiolate, cauline leaves sessile, all leaves entire, linear to elliptical or ovate, glabrous or glabrescent at maturity.\rStem, synflorescence: stems solitary or few, straight, mostly not branched, leafless (scapes) or leafy, glabrous or arachnoid-hairy becoming almost glabrous at the fruiting; capitula terminal, solitary or several.\rCapitula: glabrous or hairy and glabrescent, phyllaries in several series, outer phyllaries triangular-ovate, inner phyllaries lanceolate to oblong, apically with dark red or blackish spot, outer phyllaries at least 1⁄2 as long as inner ones, receptacle glabrous, flat, florets more than 12, yellow or whitish, equal in length to involucre or 11⁄2–2 times as long.\rAchenes: 7–12 mm, without carpopodium, glabrous, achene epidermis with papillae, outer achenes more or less curved, with 10 ribs, without emergences or verrucose (S. aristata); achene wall with parenchyma insular in principal ribs below sclerenchym and in secondary ribs above sclerenchyma, sclerenchyma continuous, its fibres orientated parallel to the achene axis, air cavities and tannins absent.\rPappus: 11–16 mm, dirty white or rarely ice-white (S. parviflora), bristles plumose or apically scabrid (or 5–10 longer bristles scabrid and other bristles plumose)."\r\rfrom Zaika & al. (2020: 73-74)
Chromosome numbers
Diploids, x = 7.
Palynology
The pollen of Scorzonera is echinolophate, tricolporate with each colpus divided into 2 lacuna; otherwise the genus and its sections are rather heterogenous with respect to pollen morphology (Zaika & al. 2022; Ebrahimi & al. 2023): S. humilis and S. parviflora in the typical section have 6 lacunae (Blackmore 1982; Díaz de la Guardia & Blanca 1985) but S. aristata has 18 (6 abporal, 6 equatorial and 6 interporal) lacunae (Halbritter & Berger 2017); the members of S. sect. Podospermum have usually 24 lacunae but S. laciniata has only 18 (Ebrahimi & al. 2023); the two monotypic sections have 18 (S. rupicola) and 24 (S. renzii) lacunae, respectively (Ebrahimi & al. 2023).
Systematics
Scorzonera in the revised sense of Zaika & al. (2020) and Hatami & al. (2022) includes five clades, which were treated by Hatami & al. (2022) as four sections: Scorzonera sect. Scorzonera including only 3 species, S. sect. Piptopogon including the more than a dozen species of the S. angustifolia and S. albicaulis subclades, S. sect. Podospermum including the Podospermum and Scorzonera purpurea subclades, and the monotypic sections Rupicolae and Renzianae.
Name
- Synonyms
- Podospermum ser. Lipschiziana Kuth.
- Scorzonera sect. Angustifoliae Kuth.
- Scorzonera sect. Euscorzonera DC.
- Scorzonera sect. Radiatae Nakai
- Scorzonera ser. Darvasicae Lipsch.
- Scorzonera ser. Erectae Lipsch.
- Scorzonera ser. Koslovskyanae Lipsch.
- Scorzonera ser. Parviflorae Lipsch.
- Scorzonera ser. Racemosae Lipsch.
- Scorzonera ser. Safievianae Kuth.
- Scorzonera subsect. Euvierhapperia Lipsch.
- Scorzonera subsect. Parviflora Lipsch.
- Scorzonera subsect. Pseudovierhapperia Lipsch.
- Homonyms
- Scorzonera L.
- Scorzonera L. sect. Scorzonera
- Common names
- Gelteklė in Lithuanian
- Hadí mord in Czech
- Murava in language.
- Mustjuur in Estonian
- Raudupe in Latvian
- Schwarzwurzel in German
- Scorzonera in Italian
- Scorzonera in Italian
- Scorzonère in French
- Skorzonerë in Albanian
- Stielsame in German
- Svinrot in Swedish
- Trzonczak in Polish
- Wężymord in Polish
- Козелец in Russian
- Кокеш in Bulgarian
- Ножкосемянник in Russian
- Скорцонерэ in Romanian
- Խինձ in Armenian
- Սերմնոտուկ in Armenian
- הַרְדֻּפְנִין in Hebrew
- הרדפנין in Hebrew
- دَبَح in Arabic
- دَبَح in Arabic
- قِشْرَة سَوْداء in Arabic
- قِشْرَة سَوْداء in Arabic
- 柄果菊属 bing guo ju shu in Chinese
- 鸦葱属 ya cong shu in Chinese