Ichthyofauna of piedmont and savannah environments in the Casanare River drainage, Orinoco Basin, Colombia

Jhon Edison Zamudio; Alexander Urbano-Bonilla; Vicente Preciado-Silva; Daniel Rodríguez-Cubillos; Edgar Esteban Herrera-Collazos

doi:10.15472/fjsg8q

Ichthyofauna of piedmont and savannah environments in the Casanare River drainage, Orinoco Basin, Colombia

Citation

Zamudio J E, Urbano-Bonilla A, Preciado-Silva V, Rodríguez-Cubillos D, Herrera-Collazos E E (2017). Ichthyofauna of piedmont and savannah environments in the Casanare River drainage, Orinoco Basin, Colombia. Version 2.2. Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólogos. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15472/fjsg8q accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-12-12.

Description

Currently, only 20 fish species have been recorded from the Casanare River, which is one of the main tributaries of the Meta River drainage. To characterize the fish assemblages of this river, samplings were carried out at 35 collecting stations in low and high water seasons of 2015. The results obtained, raised the number of fish species of the Casanare River drainage to 180, of which 41 are exclusive to the piedmont, 83 to the savannah and 56 are shared between both units; 19 species are endemic, 11 are migratory, and three are classified in one of the national threat categories. Three species were found to be undescribed and one represents a new record for the Orinoco River Basin in Colombia. This study fills the lack of information for the Casanare River drainage, highlights its importance as a potential area for biodiversity conservation and facilitates the decision-making process related to the management planning and conservation of the hydrographic basin.

Sampling Description

Study Extent

The main tributary of the Orinoco River in Colombia is the Meta River, which has an extensive system of tributaries that drain the Andes Mountains (Casanare, Ariporo, Cusiana, Cravo Sur, Pauto, Túa, Upía and Guachiría rivers). The Casanare River, with an extension of 8000 km2, originates in El Cocuy Natural National Park at 3685 m a.s.l (06°18’N, 072°21’W), and joins with the Ariporo River at 85 m a.s.l (06°03’N, 069°53’W) (IGAC 1999). The Casanare River drainage includes several different natural habitat units (Andean mountain, piedmont and savannah or llanos areas) and aquatic ecosystems (streams, rivers, wetlands and morichales) (Garavito-Fonseca et al. 2011) that drain part of the territory in the departments of Boyacá, Casanare and Arauca. The annual hydrological cycle of the drainage is unimodal with maximum rainfall through June-July, and minimum during January-February. The average monthly temperature is 25,9 °C and the precipitation 298,3 mm (IDEAM 2016 http://www.ideam.gov.co/web/tiempo-y-clima/clima).

Sampling

To characterize the fish assemblages of this river, samplings were carried out at 35 collecting stations in low and high water seasons of 2015.

Method steps

This study considered two natural units, the Andean piedmont that comprises the Andean versant above 200 m a.s.l, and the savannahs and flooded forests below 200 m a.s.l (Lasso et al. 2010). For the delimitation of natural units, the layer intersection tool was used (slope, geo-shape, covers and climate), available in ArcGIS ©10.2.
Samplings took place during two hydrological seasons: low water (March-April 2015) and high water (August-September 2015). The collections were carried out at 35 sampling localities in the Casanare River drainage including rivers, streams, lakes, floodplain lagoons and morichales, of which 24 are in the piedmont and 11 in flooded savannahs (Figures 2–11). The coordinates follow the WGS84 system.
Collection in piedmont stations was carried out with transects of 75 meters in length using an electrofishing equipment (Samus 725G/550-600), complemented with six successive passes of a seine (5 m long, 2 m height and 0,1 cm mesh) and 20 throws of a cast net (3 m diameter and 2 cm mesh). In the savannah stations, sampling spanned a transect of 100 m, performing eight passes of a seine (7 m long, 2 m height and 0,1 cm mesh), 20 throws of cast net (diameter of 4 m and 2,5 cm mesh) and the installation of 20 hooks during two hours (hooks and lines of different size and bait types). Two “stationary” gillnets (23 m long, 2 m height and 5 cm mesh) were used along the main course of the Casanare River, which were installed during 4 hours and examined every half hour.
The specimens were anesthetized in-situ with benzocaine solution and fixed in 10 % formalin, and then preserved in 70 % ethanol. Specimens were identified and housed in the ichthyological collections of both the Instituto Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH-P) and the Museo Javeriano de Historia Natural Lorenzo Uribe Uribe S.J (MPUJ). Large-sized species and those under any national threat category, were identified in the field, photographed and posteriorly released in their capture site. Taxonomic identification was done at the species level using species descriptions, taxonomic revisions and specialized taxonomic keys (Lasso and Machado-Allison 2000, Vari and Harold 2001, Taphorn 2003, Armbruster 2003, 2005, Netto-Ferreira et al. 2009, Londoño-Burbano et al. 2011, Ballen and Vari 2012, Ballen and Mojica 2014, Menezes and Lucena 2014, Marinho and Langeani 2016). The list of species and the validation of the scientific names follow the classification of Eschmeyer et al. (2016 http://www.calacademy.org/scientists/catalog-of-fishes-classification/).
Species were categorized as endemic of Orinoco river drainage or some sub-drainage (Machado-Allison et al. 2010), migratory (Zapata and Usma 2013) and threatened (Mojica et al. 2012), in order to assess the conservation status of the fish fauna in the drainage.
Lastly, the complete dataset was uploaded to SiB Colombia’s (GBIF Colombia Node) Integrated Publishing Tool in order to increase the visibility and reach of the information produced herein. The Darwin Core standard (Wieczorek et al. 2012) was used as the biodiversity standard to structure the complete dataset. The shared dataset is identified by a DOI, provided by SiB Colombia and is available herein.

Taxonomic Coverages

We recorded 180 fish species belonging to 110 genera, 33 families and seven orders. The order Characiformes was the richest with 92 species followed by the Siluriformes with 68, Gymnotiformes with 9 and the Cichliformes with 8, while the Myliobatiformes, Synbranchiformes and Cyprinodontiformes were represented by one species each. 27 species with taxonomic uncertainty that are in revision process and an undetermined genus of Heptapteridae. Epapterus blohmi is herein reported as a new record for the Orinoco River Basin in Colombia.

Potamotrygonidae
rank: family
Parodontidae
rank: family
Curimatidae
rank: family
Prochilodontidae
rank: family
Anostomidae
rank: family
Erythrinidae
rank: family
Lebiasinidae
rank: family
Gasteropelecidae
rank: family
Acestrorhynchidae
rank: family
Serrasalmidae
rank: family
Characidae
rank: family
Bryconidae
rank: family
Triportheidae
rank: family
Crenuchidae
rank: family
Doradidae
rank: family
Auchenipteridae
rank: family
Pimelodidae
rank: family
Pseudopimelodidae
rank: family
Heptapteridae
rank: family
Cetopsidae
rank: family
Aspredinidae
rank: family
Trichomycteridae
rank: family
Callichthyidae
rank: family
Loricariidae
rank: family
Astroblepidae
rank: family
Sternopygidae
rank: family
Apteronotidae
rank: family
Hypopomidae
rank: family
Rhamphichthyidae
rank: family
Gymnotidae
rank: family
Cynolebiidae
rank: family
Synbranchidae
rank: family
Cichlidae
rank: family

Geographic Coverages

The main tributary of the Orinoco River in Colombia is the Meta River, which has an extensive system of tributaries that drain the Andes Mountains (Casanare, Ariporo, Cusiana, Cravo Sur, Pauto, Túa, Upía and Guachiría rivers). The Casanare River, with an extension of 8000 km2, originates in El Cocuy Natural National Park at 3685 m a.s.l (06°18'N, 072°21'W), and joins with the Ariporo River at 85 m a.s.l (06°03'N, 069°53'W) (IGAC 1999). The Casanare River drainage includes several different natural habitat units (Andean mountain, piedmont and savannah or llanos areas) and aquatic ecosystems (streams, rivers, wetlands and morichales) (Garavito-Fonseca et al. 2011) that drain part of the territory in the departments of Boyacá, Casanare and Arauca. The annual hydrological cycle of the drainage is unimodal with maximum rainfall through June-July, and minimum during January-February. The average monthly temperature is 25,9 °C and the precipitation 298,3 mm (IDEAM 2016 http://www.ideam.gov.co/web/tiempo-y-clima/clima).

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Contacts

Jhon Edison Zamudio
originator
position: Profesional de Investigación y Monitoreo
Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia
Carrera 39 No. 26c - 47
Villavicencio
Meta
CO
Telephone: 6989000
email: jhonedisonzamudio@gmail.com

Alexander Urbano-Bonilla
originator
Laboratorio de Ictiología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Carrera 7 N° 43-82
Bogotá
Bogotá
CO
email: bio.ictiologia@gmail.com

Vicente Preciado-Silva
originator
Grupo de Investigaciones territoriales para el uso y conservación de la Biodiversidad, Fundación Reserva Natural La Palmita
Carrera 4 N° 58-59, Oficina 301
Bogotá
Bogotá
CO
email: jv.ictiologia@gmail.com

Daniel Rodríguez-Cubillos
originator
Grupo de Investigaciones territoriales para el uso y conservación de la Biodiversidad, Fundación Reserva Natural La Palmita
Carrera 4 N° 58-59, Oficina 301
Bogotá
Bogotá
CO
email: danielbiorodriguez@gmail.com

Edgar Esteban Herrera-Collazos
originator
Laboratorio de Ictiología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Carrera 7 N° 43-82
Bogotá
Bogotá
CO
email: edgarestebanhc@gmail.com
userId: https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=edgar-esteban-herrera-collazos-71540638

Edgar Esteban Herrera-Collazos
metadata author
Laboratorio de Ictiología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Carrera 7 N° 43-82
Bogotá
Bogotá
CO
email: edgarestebanhc@gmail.com
userId: https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=edgar-esteban-herrera-collazos-71540638

Jhon Edison Zamudio
administrative point of contact
position: Profesional de Investigación y Monitoreo
Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia
Carrera 39 No. 26c - 47
Villavicencio
Meta
CO
Telephone: 6989000
email: jhonedisonzamudio@gmail.com

Alexander Urbano-Bonilla
administrative point of contact
Laboratorio de Ictiología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Carrera 7 N° 43-82
Bogotá
Bogotá
email: bio.ictiologia@gmail.com

Vicente Preciado-Silva
administrative point of contact
Grupo de Investigaciones territoriales para el uso y conservación de la Biodiversidad, Fundación Reserva Natural La Palmita
Carrera 4 N° 58-59, Oficina 301
Bogotá
Bogotá
CO
email: jv.ictiologia@gmail.com

Daniel Rodríguez-Cubillos
administrative point of contact
Grupo de Investigaciones territoriales para el uso y conservación de la Biodiversidad, Fundación Reserva Natural La Palmita
Carrera 4 N° 58-59, Oficina 301
Bogotá
Bogotá
CO
email: danielbiorodriguez@gmail.com

Edgar Esteban Herrera-Collazos
administrative point of contact
Laboratorio de Ictiología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Carrera 7 N° 43-82
Bogotá
Bogotá
CO
email: edgarestebanhc@gmail.com
userId: https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=edgar-esteban-herrera-collazos-71540638