Allocareproctus jordani (Burke 1930)
- Dataset
- Revision of the snailfish genus Allocareproctus Pitruk & Fedorov (Teleostei: Liparidae), with descriptions of four new species from the Aleutian Islands.
- Rank
- SPECIES
Classification
- kingdom
- Animalia
- phylum
- Chordata
- order
- Scorpaeniformes
- family
- Liparidae
- genus
- Allocareproctus
- species
- Allocareproctus jordani
description
(Figures 1 - 2, 4 - 7, 12 - 13; Tables 1 - 4)
description
Description Body depth at pectoral-fin base 13.0 - 19.4 (15.0) %, at center of pelvic disk 15.4 - 21.9 (15.4) %, at anal-fin origin 17.6 - 23.7 (18.9) %. Predorsal length 24.4 - 30.1 (27.9) %. Preanal length 37.4 - 44.5 (43.9) %. Head large, width 11.8 - 19.2 (14.6) %, length 22.9 - 27.5 (25.8) %. Interorbital width 4.5 - 8.3 (5.2) %. Snout 6.0 - 9.1 (8.1) %. Mouth small, maxilla length 8.3 - 13.0 (11.3) %, extending to anterior portion of orbit. Teeth simple, often with weak shoulders (Fig. 2 A), in a band of 7 - 11 oblique rows of 5 - 9 teeth per row. Orbit large, diameter 5.6 - 7.3 (6.6) %. Papillae present on many pores: present on nasal pore 1, absent from nasal pore 2; present on maxillary pores 4 - 6, often present on pores 2 - 3 (4 - 6); present on preoperculomandibular pores 5 - 6, often present also on pores 4 and 7 (6 - 7); present on suprabranchial pores 1 - 2 (Fig. 4 B). Interorbital papilla present or absent (present in holotype). Cephalic free neuromasts profuse and relatively large, scattered evenly over interorbit and nape. Gill opening small, 3.7 - 8.7 (5.3) %, entirely above pectoral fin or extending to pectoral-fin ray 2. Gill rakers on anterior arch 8 - 12 (ca. 10, gill slit of holotype not dissected), blunt and stout. Central projection of orobuccal valve a moderately elongate single lobe (Fig. 12 A). Dorsal-fin rays 41 - 45 (44), tips of anterior 4 - 8 rays projecting from fin membrane, anteriormost rays about 50 % free from membrane, succeeding rays less so; posteriormost ray attached membranously to dorsalmost caudal-fin ray for 1.8 - 5.3 (2.7) %. Anal fin with 33 - 38 (38) rays, posteriormost ray membranously attached to ventralmost caudal-fin ray for 2.6 - 5.3 (3.2) %. Two anal-fin pterygiophores and associated rays anterior to first haemal spine. Pectoral-fin rays 33 - 39 (38) in two lobes separated by a shallow notch, 8 - 10 (9) rays in lower lobe. Pectoral-fin rays in notch slightly more widely spaced than rays of lobes. Dorsalmost ray at level of ventral rim of orbit. Upper lobe rounded, extending to anal-fin origin, length 15.7 - 19.7 (16.7) %, with ray 6 longest; length of shortest notch ray 5.3 - 9.5 (6.3) %; length of lower lobe 12.6 - 17.7 (15.2) %, extending between posterior margin of pelvic disk and anus, with ray 2 longest, rays 3 - 10 shortening ventrally. Pelvic disk large, length 8.5 - 11.1 (9.8) %, width 7.9 - 10.7 (8.9) %. Distance from disk to anus 2.6 - 7.0 (5.8) %, about 25 - 70 (59.0) % disk length (DL), distance from anus to analfin origin 9.0 - 16.9 (11.7) %, about 80 - 175 (119.7) % DL. Urogenital papilla conical, short, when protruding about 11.5 (not protruding in holotype) % pelvic disk length, unpigmented. Pyloric caeca about 23 (holotype not dissected), on right side of body, finger-like, 25 - 50 % HL. Caudal fin slightly rounded, length 11.7 - 15.6 (13.9) %, depth at hypural plate 3.1 - 4.8 (4.2) %, with principal rays 11 - 13 (12), dorsal principal rays 5 - 6 (6), ventral principal rays 6 - 7 (6). Dorsal procurrent rays 1 - 3 (2), borne on epural and posteriormost neural spine; ventral procurrent ray one, borne on expanded posteriormost haemal spine. Vertebrae 46 - 49 (49), abdominal vertebrae 10 - 12 (11), caudal vertebrae 35 - 38 (38). Body in life pink to red, with dark speckling at origin of dorsal fin; iris silver gray. Color in alcohol pale, with scattered speckling on nasal and other cephalic papillae and at dorsal-fin origin. Peritoneum black; orobranchial cavity pale. Largest specimen examined a 173 mm female (UW 112287). Smallest female with yolked eggs 105 mm; smallest male with enlarged, swollen testes 74.5 mm.
diagnosis
Diagnosis Teeth simple or with weak shoulders (Fig. 2 A); nasal pore 1 with pigmented papilla; peritoneum black; orobuccal valve with single finger-like projection (Fig. 12 A); orobuccal cavity pale; gill rakers 8 - 12, short, blunt; interorbital papilla present or absent; pyloric caeca on right side; body red; iris silver gray.
discussion
Comparisons Allocareproctus jordani is most similar to two new species described below: A. unangas and A. ungak. Both species differ from A. jordani in possessing strongly trilobed teeth. In addition, although counts of median-fin rays, pectoral-fin rays, vertebrae, and gill rakers overlap in total ranges, several characters differ significantly (Tables 1 - 3). Modes of all these characters differentiate A. jordani from A. ungak, A. jordani having significantly higher counts of median-fin rays, caudal vertebrae, and gill rakers, and lower counts of pectoral-fin rays. In contrast, anal-fin ray, pectoral-fin ray, and caudal vertebrae counts are significantly higher in A. unangas, while gill-raker counts are lower than in A. jordani. The two other new species of Allocareproctus are readily distinguished from A. jordani by several characters. Allocareproctus kallaion differs externally in coloration, having a dark gray head, blotchy red body, and dark orobuccal cavity, unlike the uniform red and pale coloration of A. jordani. It also has a comb-like orobuccal valve (Fig. 12 B), a higher count of larger gill rakers (Table 2), and a uniserial series of teeth in a comb-like row on the dentary. Counts of abdominal vertebrae are invariably 12 in A. kallaion versus typically 10 - 11 in A. jordani (3 of 55 specimens examined had 12 abdominal vertebrae; Table 2). The pale peritoneum, fewer cephalic pores with papillae, and strongly trilobed teeth distinguish A. tanix from A. jordani. Several morphometric characters also differ significantly between A. jordani and A. tanix, including a greater body depth, head length, suborbital depth to both oral cleft and mandible, predorsal length, snout-to-pelvic disk length, and caudal length in A. tanix. Remarks Pitruk & Fedorov (1993) redescribed A. jordani on the basis of material collected from the Kuril Islands. We examined new material from the region (UW 112287 and UW 112284) and confirmed the identity of one of their specimens as A. jordani (ZIN 49891). Other components of their redescription of the species, including meristics, tooth shape, distribution of papillae, coloration, and overall body shape, agree with our characterization of A. jordani and exclude from their account the new species described below.
distribution
Range Allocareproctus jordani ranges from the type locality in Sagami Bay, Japan, through the Kuril Islands, eastern Sea of Okhotsk, off the southern tip of Kamchatka, the Aleutian Islands from Attu to Amukta I., and Pribilof Canyon, at depths of 75 - 631 m (Fig. 7).
etymology
Etymology The specific epithet is a patronym honoring David Starr Jordan (Burke 1930).
materials_examined
Material examined FMNH 57514, 130.0 mm, holotype, Misaki, Sagami Bay, Japan; UW 112293, 1 (142 mm), 52.3687 ºN, 171.2406 ºW, 323 m depth, 31 May 2000, M / V Dominator, cruise 2000 - 01, haul 51, J. W. Orr; UW 112286, 1 (139.3 mm), 52.0532 ºN, 171.8035 ºW, 331 m depth, 6 August 2002, F / V Sea Storm, cruise 2002 - 01, haul 209; UW 112284, 1 (150 mm), Kuril Islands, 16 September 2000, haul 93, A. M. Orlov; UW 112287, 1 (173 mm), Kuril Islands, 22 Sep 2000, haul 114, 47.9667 ºN, 154.6167 ºE, 390 m depth, 22 September 2000, A. M. Orlov; UW 112282, 11 (74 - 86 mm), 52.331 ºN, 172.7470 ºW, 441 m depth, 23 July 2002, F / V Sea Storm, cruise 2002 - 01, haul 156, J. W. Orr; UW 112285, 1 (105 mm), 52.3217 ºN, 172.7447 ºW, 458 m depth, 16 June 1994, F / V Pacific Knight, cruise 1994 - 01, haul 54; UW 112283, 14 (53.3 - 85.2 mm; 74.2 mm cleared and stained), 52.3405 ºN, 172.7455 ºW, 441 m depth, 31 May 2002, F / V Morning Star, cruise 2002 - 01, haul 32, J. W. Orr; UW 112280, 2 (130 - 137.7 mm), 52.3732 ºN, 171.3548 ºW, 324 m depth, 10 August 2002, F / V Sea Storm, cruise 2002 - 01, haul 225, R. C. Harrison; UW 112291, 2 (63.2 - 132 mm), 52.3687 ºN, 171.2406 ºW, 323 m depth, 31 May 2002, M / V Dominator, cruise 2000 - 01, haul 51, benthic bag, J. W. Orr; UW 112288, 2 (126.5 - 136.5 mm), 56.1354 ºN, 169.4400 ºW, 631 m depth, 15 July 2002, F / V Morning Star, cruise 2002 - 02, haul 119; ZIN 49891, 1 (149.5 mm), Kuril Is., Shimushir I., 47.5 ºN, 153 ºE, 350 m depth, A. A. Balanov; UW 112290, 1 (47 mm), 52.2103 ºN, 172.2066 ºW, 359 m depth, 4 June 2000, M / V Dominator, cruise 2000 - 01, haul 74, benthic bag, J. W. Orr; UW 112281, 2 (69.2 - 79 mm), 52.2099 ºN, 172.2057 ºW, 348 m depth, 23 July 2002, F / V Sea Storm, cruise 2002 - 01, haul 157, J. W. Orr; UW 112279, 7 (54 - 104.3 mm), 52.3282 ºN, 172.7468 ºW, 444 m depth, 4 June 2000, F / V Vesteraalen, cruise 2000 - 01, haul 67, W. C. Flerx; UW 112289, 2 (54 - 104.3 mm), 52.3184 ºN, 172.7453 ºW, 455 m depth, 22 June 1997, F / V Vesteraalen, cruise 1997 - 01, haul 58, W. C. Flerx; UW 112292, 1 (145 mm), 52.2754 ºN, 170.5991 ºW, 235 m depth, 14 June 2004, F / V Sea Storm, cruise 2004 - 01, haul 34, J. W. Orr; UW 113693, 1 (150 mm), 52.2102 ºN, 172.2060 ºW, 341 m depth, 23 June 2004, F / V Sea Storm, cruise 2004 - 01, haul 73, J. W. Orr; UW 113697, 20 (51 - 117 mm), 52.3255 ºN, 172.7466 ºW, 450 m depth, 19 June 2004, F / V Sea Storm, cruise 2004 - 01, haul 60, benthic bag, J. W. Orr; UW 113685, 1 (128 mm), 51.4514 ºN, 178.6024 ºE, 382 m depth, 21 July 2004, F / V Gladiator, cruise 2004 - 01, haul 174, R. N. Clark; UW 113686, 2 (118 - 125 mm), 56.1430 ºN, 169.4567 ºW, 625 m depth, 20 June 2004, F / V Northwest Explorer, cruise 2004 - 01, haul 57, D. E. Stevenson; UW 25139, 1 (145 mm), southern Bering Sea, May 1981; UW 113687, 1 (125 mm), 56.1913 ºN, 169.4864 ºW, 478 m depth, 29 July 2004, F / V Northwest Explorer, cruise 2004 - 01, haul 158, J. W. Orr.