Potamonautes MacLeay 1838
- Dataset
- A new multilocus phylogeny reveals overlooked diversity in African freshwater crabs (Brachyura: Potamoidea): a major revision with new higher taxa and genera
- Rank
- GENUS
- Published in
- Cumberlidge, Neil, Daniels, Savel R. (2022): A new multilocus phylogeny reveals overlooked diversity in African freshwater crabs (Brachyura: Potamoidea): a major revision with new higher taxa and genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1268-1311, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab082
Classification
- kingdom
- Animalia
- phylum
- Arthropoda
- class
- Malacostraca
- order
- Decapoda
- family
- Potamonautidae
- genus
- Potamonautes
description
(FIGS 1 B 3 [4], 6 A – C, 10 D; TABLES 1 – 3)
description
Potamonautes (Orthopotamonautes) Bott, 1955 for Potamonautes (Orthopotamonautes) depressus depressus and Potamonautes (Orthopotamonautes) sidneyi [not Potamonautes (Orthopotamonautes) depressus dybowskii = Lirrangopotamonautes dybowskii]. Diagnosis: Cheliped carpus with two subequal large teeth. Third maxilliped ischium with vertical sulcus; thoracic sternal sulcus S 3 / 4 deep, completely traversing sternum (or deep only at sides, faint in middle). G 1 TA short (~ 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 as long as G 1 SA; Fig. 6 A – C). Type species: Thelphusa perlata H. Milne Edwards, 1837, by original designation. Species included: Potamonautes adeleae Bott, 1968, Potamonautes anchietae (Brito-Capello, 1871), Potamonautes barbarai Phiri & Daniels, 2014, Potamonautes barnardi Phiri & Daniels, 2014, Potamonautes bayonianus (Brito-Capello, 1864), Potamonautes biballensis Bott, 1951, Potamonautes brincki (Bott, 1960), Potamonautes clarus Gouws et al., 2000, Potamonautes danielsi Peer et al., 2017, Potamonautes dentatus Stewart et al., 1995, Potamonautes depressus (Krauss, 1843), Potamonautes dubius (Brito-Capello, 1873), Potamonautes flavusjo Daniels et al., 2014, Potamonautes gorongosa Cumberlidge et al., 2016, Potamonautes granulatus Daniels et al., 1998, Potamonautes isimangaliso Peer et al., 2015, Potamonautes kensleyi Cumberlidge & Tavares, 2006, Potamonautes lividus Gouws et al., 2001, Potamonautes macrobrachii Bott, 1953, Potamonautes mphlope Daniels, 2017, Potamonautes mulanjeensis Daniels & Bayliss, 2012, Potamonautes mutareensis Phiri & Daniels, 2013, Potamonautes ngoyensis Daniels et al., 2019, Potamonautes ntendekaensis Daniels et al., 2019, Potamonautes parvicorpus Daniels et al., 2001, Potamonautes parvispina Stewart, 1997, Potamonautes perlatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), Potamonautes principe Cumberlidge et al., 2002, Potamonautes sidneyi (Rathbun, 1904), Potamonautes tuerkayi Wood & Daniels, 2016, Potamonautes unispinus Stewart & Cook, 1998, Potamonautes warreni (Calman, 1918). Distribution: This large genus is distributed throughout southern Africa, with the northern boundary in southern Tanzania (Ruvuma, Iringa, Mbeya provinces) and southern D. R. Congo (Kwanga and Katanga provinces). Eighteen species are endemic to South Africa: Po. barbarai, Po. barnardi, Po. brincki, Po. clarus, Po. danielsi, Po. dentatus, Po. flavusjo, Po. granularis, Po. isimangaliso, Po. lividus, Po. mphlope, Po. ngoyensis, Po. ntendekaensis, Po. parvicorpus, Po. parvispina, Po. perlatus, Po. tuerkayi and Po. warreni (Bott, 1951; Stewart et al., 1995; Stewart, 1997 a, b; Stewart & Cook, 1998; Daniels et al., 1998, 2001, 2002 a, b, 2014, 2019, 2020; Gouws & Stewart, 2001; Gouws et al., 2000, 2001, 2015; Phiri & Daniels, 2013; Peer et al., 2015, 2017; Phiri & Daniels, 2013, 2014, 2016; Daniels, 2017; Wood & Daniels, 2016; Fig. 8 D). Five species are endemic to Angola: Po. adeleae, Po. anchietae, Po. biballensis, Po. kensleyi and Po. macrobrachii (Cumberlidge & Tavares, 2006) and two species are endemic to Mozambique: Po. gorongosa and Po. mulanjeensis (Daniels & Bayliss, 2012; Cumberlidge et al., 2016). In addition, Po. dubius (Cumberlidge & Tavares, 2006) is endemic to Namibia, Po. mutareensis is endemic to Zimbabwe (Phiri & Daniels, 2013), and Po. principe is endemic to Príncipe (Cumberlidge et al., 2002). Additionally, four Potamonautes species have a widespread distribution: Po. bayonianus in the D. R. Congo, Angola, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Zambia (Cumberlidge & Tavares, 2006), Po. unispinus in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Botswana (Stewart & Cook, 1998), Po. sidneyi in South Africa and Eswatini (Gouws et al., 2000, 2001, 2015) and Po. depressus in South Africa and Lesotho (Gouws et al., 2000, 2001).
description
Three taxa included here in Potamonautes s. s. were assigned by Bott (1955) to Po. (Orthopotamonautes) Bott, 1955 as Po. (O.) d. depressus, Po. (O.) d. dybowskii and Po. (O.) sidneyi. However, Po. depressus is the type species of Po. (Orthopotamonautes) as Thelphusa depressa Krauss, 1843, and this becomes a junior synonym of Potamonautes s. s. because T. perlata H. Milne Edwards, 1837 is the senior synonym. The subgenus Potamonautes (Orthopotamonautes) is therefore paraphyletic and not recognized here because the taxa assigned to it by Bott (1955) belong to two different genetic lineages: Po. depressus is moved to Potamonautes s. s. (Fig. 1 B 3 [4]) and Po. dybowskii is moved to Lirrangopotamonautes (Fig. 1 B 3 [2]). All but one of the species included here in Potamonautes s. s. shares the following characters. A distinct postfrontal crest that completely traverses the carapace between the epibranchial teeth, a small exorbital tooth, an epibranchial tooth that is reduced to a small granule, and the anterolateral margin of carapace behind the epibranchial tooth is either granulated or smooth. The exception is Po. warreni which has small teeth lining the anterolateral margin.
discussion
Remarks: Potamonautes s. s. is revised here to accommodate 32 species from southern Africa. Bott (1955) established Po. (Potamonautes) for Po. perlatus, Po. warreni, Po. bayonianus bayonianus and Po. bayonianus dubius. The first three of these taxa are grouped together with 24 other species from southern Africa in a well-supported lineage within the Potamonautini (Fig. 1 B 3 [4]; Daniels et al., 2006: fig 1; 2015: fig. 2; Daniels & Klaus, 2018: fig 1; Wood et al., 2019: fig 1). The name Potamonautes has been retained for this clade because it includes Thelphusa perlata H. Milne Edwards, 1837, the type species of the genus. The freshwater crab fauna of southern Africa is the best studied on the continent, with DNA sequence data available for 31 species, the majority of which are from South Africa. Other parts of ther region are less well represented. For example, so far there are DNA data for only one species from Angola (Po. anchietae; Fig. 1 B 3 [4]) and so the other five species from that country (Po. adeleae, Po. biballensis, Po. dubius, Po. kensleyi and Po. macrobrachii) are included in this revised genus based on morphological similarities (Bott, 1955; Cumberlidge, 1999; Cumberlidge & Tavares, 2006).
Name
- Synonyms
- Lirrangopotamonautes (Bott 1955)
- Potamon (Potamon) (Potamon) Rathbun 1904
- Potamon (Potamonautes) Rathbun 1900
- Potamon De Man 1898
- Potamonautes (Longipotamonautes) Bott 1955
- Thelphusa A. Milne-Edwards 1886
- Homonyms
- Potamonautes MacLeay 1838
- Potamon (Potamonautes) Ortmann 1897
- Potamon (Potamonautes) Rathbun 1900
- Potamonautes Balss 1936
- Potamon (Potamonautes) Rathbun 1900
- Potamonautes Cumberlidge 1997
- Potamon (Potamonautes) Ortmann 1897
- Potamonautes Cumberlidge 1999
- Potamon (Potamonautes) Marchand 1902
- Potamonautes Balss 1929
- Potamon (Potamonautes) Rathbun 1905
- Potamonautes Balss 1929
- Potamon (Potamonautes) Ortmann 1897