Ornithological Collection of the Museu Oceanográfico D. Carlos I

Study Extent

The specimens in D. Carlos's ornithological specimens were captured in Portugal, mostly from the Berlengas archipelago to the Algarve. Two specimens were caught north of the Berlengas, in Figueira da Foz. One specimen has an ambiguous locality datum depending on whether official or vernacular toponymy was used. There are two specimens of Steller's eiders caught outside Portugal, gifted to D. Carlos I by Edward VII of the United Kingdom. The specimens were captured as part of D. Carlos's hunting parties, and also during his oceanographic expeditions, starting in 1896 (Ceríaco, 2014).

Sampling

There are no surviving records of the sampling methods used, as all documents pertaining to the bird collection are drafts of the Catalogo Illustrado das Aves de Portugal (Bragança 1903), and correspondence, including letters from Prof. Paulino de Oliveira (Ferreira 1987).

Quality Control

The validity of species' names was checked using the Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (del Hoyo et al., 2017).

Method steps

1. The work consisted of cross checking the card and electronic catalogues for transcription errors. Once the cross checking was completed, recorded species names were checked for synonymy using the Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (del Hoyo et al., 2017).
2. Generate a Darwin Core compatible electronic catalogue with all verified information.

The collection is entirely made up of specimens in the class Aves. The orders Accipitriformes, Gaviiformes and Phoenicopteriformes are each represented by a single species. There are 10 orders and 20 families represented. Of 188 records, 186 are identified to the species level and 2 to the genus level, representing a total of 54 genera, and 74 species. One record is identified only to the class level, and it is comprised of unidentified eggs.

1. Animalia
   rank: kingdom
2. Chordata
   rank: phylum
3. Aves
   rank: class
4. Accipitriformes
   rank: order
5. Pandionidae
   rank: family
6. Pandion
   rank: genus
7. Pandion haliaetus
   rank: species
8. Anseriformes
   rank: order
9. Anatidae
   rank: family
10. Anas
    rank: genus
11. Anas acuta
    rank: species
12. Anas platyrhynchos
    rank: species
13. Aythya
    rank: genus
14. Aythya fuligula
    rank: species
15. Aythya nyroca
    rank: species
16. Mareca
    rank: genus
17. Mareca penelope
    rank: species
18. Marmaronetta
    rank: genus
19. Marmaronetta angustirostris
    rank: species
20. Melanitta
    rank: genus
21. Melanitta nigra
    rank: species
22. Mergus
    rank: genus
23. Mergus serrator
    rank: species
24. Polysticta
    rank: genus
25. Polysticta stelleri
    rank: species
26. Somateria
    rank: genus
27. Somateria mollisima
    rank: species
28. Spatula
    rank: genus
29. Spatula clypeata
    rank: species
30. Spatula querquedula
    rank: species
31. Tadorna
    rank: genus
32. Tadorna ferruginea
    rank: species
33. Tadorna tadorna
    rank: species
34. Charadriiformes
    rank: order
35. Alcidae
    rank: family
36. Alca
    rank: genus
37. Alca torda
    rank: species
38. Fratercula
    rank: genus
39. Fratercula arctica
    rank: species
40. Uria
    rank: genus
41. Uria aalge
    rank: species
42. Charadriidae
    rank: family
43. Charadrius
    rank: genus
44. Charadrius alexandrinus
    rank: species
45. Charadrius dubius
    rank: species
46. Charadrius hiaticula
    rank: species
47. Pluvialis
    rank: genus
48. Pluvialis apricaria
    rank: species
49. Pluvialis squatarola
    rank: species
50. Glareolidae
    rank: family
51. Glareola
    rank: genus
52. Glareola pratincola
    rank: species
53. Haematopodidae
    rank: family
54. Haematopus
    rank: genus
55. Haematopus ostralegus
    rank: species
56. Laridae
    rank: family
57. Chlidonias
    rank: genus
58. Chlidonias niger
    rank: species
59. Gelochelidon
    rank: genus
60. Gelochelidon nilotica
    rank: species
61. Hydrocoloeus
    rank: genus
62. Hydrocoloeus minutus
    rank: species
63. Larus
    rank: genus
64. Larus argentatus
    rank: species
65. Larus andouinii
    rank: species
66. Larus fuscus
    rank: species
67. Larus marinus
    rank: species
68. Larus melanocephalus
    rank: species
69. Larus ridibundus
    rank: species
70. Rissa
    rank: genus
71. Rissa tridactyla
    rank: species
72. Sterna
    rank: genus
73. Sterna hirundo
    rank: species
74. Sternula
    rank: genus
75. Sternula albifrons
    rank: species
76. Thalasseus
    rank: genus
77. Thalasseus sandvicensis
    rank: species
78. Recurvirostridae
    rank: family
79. Recurvirostra
    rank: genus
80. Recurvirostra avosetta
    rank: species
81. Scolopacidae
    rank: family
82. Actitis
    rank: genus
83. Actitis hypoleucos
    rank: species
84. Arenaria
    rank: genus
85. Arenaria interpres
    rank: species
86. Calidris
    rank: genus
87. Calidris alba
    rank: species
88. Calidris alpina
    rank: species
89. Calidris canutus
    rank: species
90. Limosa
    rank: genus
91. Limosa limosa
    rank: species
92. Numenius
    rank: genus
93. Numenius arquata
    rank: species
94. Numenius phaeopus
    rank: species
95. Tringa
    rank: genus
96. Tringa nebularia
    rank: species
97. Tringa ochropus
    rank: species
98. Tringa totanus
    rank: species
99. Stercorariidae
    rank: family
100. Stercorarius
     rank: genus
101. Stercorarius parasiticus
     rank: species
102. Gaviiformes
     rank: order
103. Gaviidae
     rank: family
104. Gavia
     rank: genus
105. Gavia immer
     rank: species
106. Gruiformes
     rank: order
107. Rallidae
     rank: family
108. Fulica
     rank: genus
109. Fulica atra
     rank: species
110. Gallinula
     rank: genus
111. Gallinula chloropus
     rank: species
112. Rallus
     rank: genus
113. Rallus aquaticus
     rank: species
114. Pelecaniformes
     rank: order
115. Ardeidae
     rank: family
116. Ardea
     rank: genus
117. Ardea cinerea
     rank: species
118. Ardea purpurea
     rank: species
119. Botaurus
     rank: genus
120. Botaurus stellaris
     rank: species
121. Bubulcus
     rank: genus
122. Bubulcus ibis
     rank: species
123. Egretta
     rank: genus
124. Egretta garzetta
     rank: species
125. Ixobrychus
     rank: genus
126. Ixobrychus minutus
     rank: species
127. Nycticorax
     rank: genus
128. Nycticorax nycticorax
     rank: species
129. Threskiornithidae
     rank: family
130. Platalea
     rank: genus
131. Platalea leucorodia
     rank: species
132. Plegadis
     rank: genus
133. Plegadis falcinellus
     rank: species
134. Phoenicopteriformes
     rank: order
135. Phoenicopteridae
     rank: family
136. Phoenicopterus
     rank: genus
137. Phoenicopterus roseus
     rank: species
138. Podicipediformes
     rank: order
139. Podicipedidae
     rank: family
140. Podiceps
     rank: genus
141. Podiceps cristatus
     rank: species
142. Podiceps nigricollis
     rank: species
143. Tachybaptus
     rank: genus
144. Tachybaptus ruficollis
     rank: species
145. Procellariiformes
     rank: order
146. Hydrobatidae
     rank: family
147. Hydrobates
     rank: genus
148. Hydrobates pelagicus
     rank: species
149. Procellariidae
     rank: family
150. Calonectris
     rank: genus
151. Calonectris diomedia
     rank: species
152. Puffinus
     rank: genus
153. Puffinus puffinus
     rank: species
154. Suliformes
     rank: order
155. Phalacrocoracidae
     rank: family
156. Phalacrocorax
     rank: genus
157. Phalacrocorax aristotelis
     rank: species
158. Phalacrocorax carbo
     rank: species
159. Sulidae
     rank: family
160. Morus
     rank: genus
161. Morus bassanus
     rank: species

Most specimens were collected south of the Cabo da Roca, and in the Berlengas archipelago, especially in the Tagus estuary (Lezíria) and mouth, and along the Guadiana. Two specimens were caught to the north of the Cabo da Roca, in Figueira da Foz. One specimen has ambiguous locality data, as official toponymy implies it was captured in Vila Franca, Viana do Castelo, but vernacular toponymy allows for at least two other possible localities. Two specimens, gifted by king Edward VII of the United Kingdom, do not have locality data.