Lycopodina nikitawimandi Ekins, Erpenbeck, and Hooper 2020
- Dataset
- Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition
- Rank
- SPECIES
- Published in
- Ekins, Merrick, Erpenbeck, Dirk, Hooper, John N. A. (2020): Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition. Zootaxa 4774 (1): 1-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4774.1.1
Classification
- kingdom
- Animalia
- phylum
- Porifera
- class
- Demospongiae
- order
- Poecilosclerida
- family
- Cladorhizidae
- genus
- Lycopodina
- species
- Lycopodina nikitawimandi
description
Description: Growth form: This sponge is an erect stipitate sponge with filaments radiating in all directions projecting from the cylindrical stalk (Figures 27 A, 28 C). The body is 28 mm in length and 1 – 2 mm in width. The filaments are 2 – 3 mm in length and between 50 – 250 µm in width, and cover approximately 80 % of the upper stem. The sponge has a spherical basal region of 3 mm diameter, with protruding smaller mycalostyles (Figure 28 F). This basal holdfast region grows within a hard or consolidated substrate. Many specimens appear to be a 2 dimensional feather due to damage sustained during collection. Colour: Pale cream on deck and in ethanol. Ectosomal skeleton: The ectosomal skeleton is thin and membranous and contains the anisochelae (Figure 28 E). Endosomal skeleton: The axis of the peduncle and the filaments consist of bundles of mycalostyles longitudinally arranged (Figure 28 D). Megascleres: Large mycalostyles only occurring in the main axis (1040 – 1910 x 12 – 37 µm, n = 132) (Figure 27 C – D). Smaller mycalostyles consistent throughout the sponge including the filaments and basal holdfast (209 – 992 x 3 – 19 µm, n = 250) (Figure 27 E – F) (see Table 16) Microscleres: Palmate anisochelae with the frontal upper alae nearly fully detached from the two lateral alae, and the three lower alae nearly completely fused to each other and the fimbria, with the frontal lower alae bearing three terminal spines and each of the lateral alae with two terminal spines (9 – 18 µm (length) x 2 – 6 µm (large alae width), 3 – 4 µm (small alae width), n = 258) (Figure 27 B) (see Table 16). Molecular data: The 28 S sequences of QM G 337197 and QM G 337534 are provided in the Sponge Barcoding Database under accession numbers SBD # 2304, SBD # 2305 respectively and the molecular difference to other congenerics displayed in Figure 3.
description
Figures 27 & 28, Tables 14 & 16 urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: F 5 AAEA 15 - DBAF- 4 A 21 - A 2 B 9 - E 336733 E 613 D
discussion
Remarks: Of the 29 described species of Lycopodina six have stipitate growth form, numerous large filaments along most of the stem, an enlarged basal attachment (where known), and only simple spiculation of styles or mycalostyles as structural megascleres, and palmate anisochelae as microscleres (Table 14). Lycopodina drakensis Goodwin, Berman, Downey & Hendry, 2017, also has forceps microscleres, and the shorter mycalostyles occur in the stem and the longest ones in the filaments, the opposite of those in L. nikitawimandi sp. nov. Lycopodina lycopodium (Levinsen, 1887) and L. occidentalis (Lambe, 1893) have a similar distribution of short and long styles in the stem, body, filaments and basal attachment, but these are generally smaller than those of the new species, and both species also have forceps microscleres. Lycopodina robusta (Levinsen, 1887) has significantly smaller styles and also possesses forceps, L. tendali Hestetun et al., 2017 has larger styles that are uniformly distributed and forceps, and L. vaceleti (Van Soest & Baker, 2011) has similar mycalostyles in the stem as L. nikitawimandi sp. nov., but also has a second category of smaller styles in the filaments and body, two categories of anisochelae, one of which has a unique sigma-like shape, and forceps microscleres (Table 14).
distribution
Distribution. Central East coast and central Tasmania, Tasman Sea, Australia, at bathyal to abyssal depths.
etymology
Etymology: Named for the son of the first author, Nikita Wimandi Ekins.
materials_examined
Material examined: Holotype QM G 337534 off Freycinet Peninsular, Tasman Sea, Station 11, Tasmania, Australia, 41 ° 43 ’ 14.5 ” S, 149 ° 7 ’ 30.7 ” E, 2793 m, Box Corer, Coll. Merrick Ekins on RV Investigator, Cruise IN 2017 _ V 03, Sample 11 - 110.2, 19 / v / 2017, growing on a skeleton of a hexactinellid. Paratypes: QM G 337510 same collection details and hexactinellid skeleton as for holotype, Sample 11 - 110.1; QM G 337537 same collection details and hexactinellid skeleton as holotype, Sample 11 - 110.3; QM G 337549 same collection details and hexactinellid skeleton as holotype, Sample 11 - 110.4; QM G 337197 same collection details as holotype but on a different hexactinellid skeleton, Sample 11 - 120.1; QM G 337514 off Central New South Wales, Tasman Sea, Station 89, New South Wales, Australia, 30 ° 15 ’ 47.9 ” – 30 ° 17 ’ 21.5 ” S, 153 ° 51 ’ 31.3 ” – 153 ° 50 ’ 37.7 ” E, 4436 – 4414 m, Brenke Epibenthic Sledge, Coll. Merrick Ekins on RV Investigator, Cruise IN 2017 _ V 03, Sample 89 - 129, 6 / vi / 2017, growing on worm tubes.