Meditera3

Study Extent

Sampling

Quality Control

Method steps

1. During the 2018 season, the first technique of collecting used pitfall traps (8 cm in diameter, 300 mL in volume). On average, 12 traps per site were employed and positioned parallel to the plantation, with a distance of around 10 meters between each trap. Traps were placed right beneath the grapevine or olive tree stumps. Only in 2018 did the beating stick with a net technique in olive groves and vineyards. The season's sampling attempt was distinct and involved hits on five branches on twelve different trees. In 2018, soil samples for the Tullgren Funnel method were taken once in April and once in October. From each collecting site, 12 soil samples (V=5 L) were collected. Following the taxonomic keys of Trautner and Geigenmüller (1987), Hurka (1996), Freude et al. (2004), and the Fauna Europaea nomenclature, carabid beetles captured in pitfall traps were isolated and identified to species (Vigna-Taglianti 2013). According to the website araneae - Spiders of Europe (https://www.araneae.nmbe.ch), spiders caught using the pitfall trap method were categorized at the species or genus level (Nentwig et al. 2022). Keys were used to identify gastropods (Welter-Schultez 2012). Two keys—Seifert (2018) and Lebas et al. (2019)—as well as the AntWeb website (https //: www.antweb.org) were utilized to identify the species of ants. Using regional checklists and identification keys, earthworm specimens were recognized (Mri 1991; Szederjesi 2017).

1. Insecta
   common name: Insects rank: class
2. Arachnida
   common name: Arachnids rank: class
3. Lumbricidae
   common name: Earthworms rank: family
4. Isopoda
   common name: Woodlice rank: order
5. Gastropoda
   common name: Slugs and snails rank: class