Anthomyza furvifrons Roháćek & Barber 2016

Biology. Anthomyza furvifrons is the least frequently collected of the three Nearctic species in the A. gracilis group. In some respects, its habitat is somewhat intermediate between the often dry habitat of A. vulgaris predominated by grasses and the wet habitat of A. equiseti supporting Equisetum ssuviatile. The host plant (s) of A. furvifrons remain (s) unknown. Many sites support both A. furvifrons and A. vulgaris but there are two sites that yielded all three Nearctic species of the A. gracilis group. The type locality (Ontario: ~ 74 km NNE Thessalon – shore of Mississagi R., Fig. 544) singularly yielded more than 100 specimens of A. furvifrons over two visits to the site in July 2010. The portion of this riparian strip that proved most productive for A. furvifrons adults received drainage from the hillside and highway above and supported a thick growth of grasses, sedges, horsetails and herbs. The other two species of the A. gracilis group were less abundant – A. equiseti (n = 87) presumably utilizing the E. ssuviatile component and A. vulgaris (n = 12) most likely using the grass component. The other site, ~ 21 km NNE Smooth Rock Falls, Ontario, was a roadside ditch with E. ssuviatile growing in shallow standing water at its bottom. The slope of the road bed supported a complex mix of mostly grasses, horsetails and herbs. Separate collections made on 19 July 2009 from these two areas yielded 26 A. equiseti, 3 A. furvifrons, and 2 A. vulgaris specimens from the wet bottom while the drier slope yielded 2 A. equiseti, 3 A. furvifrons, and 18 A. vulgaris specimens. A railside site (Ontario: ~ 5 km SE Cochrane) that was predominated by horsetails (though not including E. ssuviatile), graminoids, and herbs yielded 23 specimens of A. furvifrons and 75 of A. vulgaris. Another roadside slope (Ontario: Otter Rapids) had a notable seep feeding a localized growth of the grass Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. Sweep samples concentrating on this grass produced 26 specimens of A. furvifrons and 15 of A. vulgaris, while the area immediately surrounding the seep that supported a mix of grasses and herbs (but not S. arundinaceus) provided only 2 specimens of A. furvifrons but 30 of A. vulgaris. A natural gas right-of-way (Ontario: ~ 10 km W Sault Ste. Marie – Airport Rd.) with a mix of graminoids, composites, Equisetum, Rubus, and ferns next to a wooded margin yielded 26 A. furvifrons and only 1 A. vulgaris. There are other simpler plant mixes such as a sandy site (Ontario: Bruce Peninsula N. P. – Singing Sands) supporting Calamagrostis and “ Agropyron ” (likely Elymus repens (L.) Gould) which was shared with A. vulgaris. Shorter Equisetum spp. can be easily overlooked at many sites with thick graminoid growth but at this site there was clearly none. References to “ goldenrod ” (Solidago) and “ ex. Centaurea ” are most likely indicators of roadside or meadow habitat and not a specinc larval host. Otherwise, grasses, sedges and / or horsetails often appear in the label data and cursory habitat descriptions include “ sandy access road ”, “ grassy access road ”, “ vegetation along old rail line ”, “ herbs in disturbed area ” and “ mixed grasses edge of parking lot ”. Anthomyza furvifrons is known to ny from at least 19 June (Ontario: 18 km NNE Searchmont; Michigan: St. Joseph) to 30 August (Ontario: 0.7 km N Michael’s Bay).

(Figs 518, 519, 524, 527 – 543)

Description. Male. Total body length 2.06 – 2.62 mm; general colour brown to blackish brown (abdomen usually lighter than thorax) brownish grey microtomentose, although less densely than in A. vulgaris. Head somewhat higher than long (Fig. 518), quadrangular and with face distinctly receding in pronle, dark brown and yellow. Occiput dorsomedially very slightly concave, shiny blackish brown due to very sparse microtomentum. Frons relatively narrow, medially largely dull brown, only frontal triangle grey microtomentose and anterior fourth to third of frons orange yellow; orbits (Fig. 519) anteriorly yellow and sparsely narrowly silvery white microtomentose, posteriorly (behind middle of distance between anterior and posterior ors) dark, brownish, with silvery grey microtomentum at eye margin. Frontal triangle narrow, reaching to anterior third of frons. Frontal lunule distinct, yellow, whitish microtomentose. Face narrow, medially less sclerotized and often with darker narrow stripe, otherwise yellow to orange-yellow and dull; parafacialia relatively broad and like gena yellow with sparse whitish microtomentum. Both parafacialia and gena with rather broad ochreous to pale brown marginal stripe; ventral angle of postgena yellow, whitish microtomentose; its dorsal part brown and greyish microtomentose, abruptly contrasting posteriorly with shiny occiput (Fig. 518); mouthparts (except for palpi) ochreous to pale brown, clypeus (small) and prementum darkest. Cephalic chaetotaxy: pvt small, convergent but usually not crossed; vti longest of cephalic setae; oc often as long as vti but nner; vte and posterior ors slightly shorter than vti; 3 ors but only 2 long, widely spaced, middle ors slightly to distinctly shorter than posterior, and anterior ors reduced to setula (sometimes enlarged); 1 – 2 (rarely 3) pairs of medial microsetulae in the anterior third of frons; 1 small setula behind vte (slightly longer than postoculars); postocular setulae (6 – 7) short, sparse, in single row; postgena with several setulae and 2 (1 longer) usual posteroventral setae; 1 long but thin vi (about as long as middle ors); subvibrissa small and weak, slightly longer than foremost peristomal setula; only 3 – 4 nne peristomal setulae. Palpus well developed, elongately clavate, yellow, with 1 ventral preapical seta and about 5 shorter subapical and ventral setulae. Eye moderately convex, large, of rounded quadrangular outline (Fig. 518), anteroventrally slightly widened, with longest diameter oblique and 1.3 – 1.4 times as long as the shortest. Smallest genal height about 0.14 times as long as shortest eye diameter. Antenna strongly geniculate, entirely yellow; 1 st nagellomere nattened laterally, with short white pilosity on anteroventral margin. Arista brown to dark brown including basal segments, about 1.9 times as long as antenna, shortly ciliate. Thorax very slightly or not narrower than head, entirely blackish brown (mesonotum usually darker) and densely brownish grey microtomentose (Fig. 518), almost dull. Thoracic chaetotaxy (all macrosetae relatively weak): 1 hu (shorter than anterior npl); 2 npl (anterior longer); 1 small prs (shorter than hu); 1 sa (shorter than pa); 1 moderate pa; 2 postsutural dc (the shorter anterior about as long as anterior npl) and 4 – 6 dc microsetae in front of them; ac microsetae sparse, in 4 rows on suture, in 2 rows between anterior dc and reaching only slightly beyond them (no ac microsetae between posterior dc); 2 sc, laterobasal sc weak, about as long as prs, apical sc as long as posterior dc (longest thoracic setae); 1 hair-like ppl; 2 relatively long stpl (posterior longer than anterior npl, anterior usually shorter) and a few (1 – 2) setulae in dorsal half of sternopleuron; its ventral part with 3 – 5 longer setae. Scutellum rounded triangular, distinctly convex dorsally. Legs bright yellow (Fig. 518), only 2 terminal tarsal segments of all tarsi pale brown to brown; sometimes also coxae partly darkened, ochreous (never brown). f 1 with ctenidial spine rather variable, as long as to distinctly longer than maximum width of t 1 and with long thin setae in posteroventral (longer setae) and posterodorsal row; both f 2 and f 3 uniformly setulose; t 2 with relatively short and weak ventroapical seta; t 1, t 3 and all tarsi simply setulose. Wing (Fig. 524) relatively long and narrow but usually wider than that of A. vulgaris, with pale brown veins and hyaline unicolourous membrane (light ochreous brown). C with very small and sparse spinulae between apices of R 1 and R 2 + 3. R 2 + 3 long, slightly sinuous, parallel to C but with apex distinctly upcurving to it; R 4 + 5 almost straight to very slightly sinuous, parallel to or slightly divergent from M apically. Discal (dm) cell long, narrow proximally, somewhat widened distally, with r-m situated distinctly in front of the middle of dm cell. Apical portion of CuA 1 usually slightly longer than dm-cu and almost reaching wing margin; A 1 short, ending far from it. Alula small, narrow. Wing measurements: length 2.14 – 2.74 mm, width 0.63 – 0.83 mm, Cs 3: Cs 4 = 0.97 – 1.30, rm \ dm-cu: dm-cu = 2.62 – 3.12. Haltere whitish yellow, with knob slightly darker. Abdomen slender, elongate, lighter (brown) than thorax (Fig. 518). Preabdominal terga brown, shortly and relatively sparsely setose. T 1 and T 2 dorsally separate, the former paler on anterolateral corners. T 3 – T 5 subequal or T 5 somewhat longer, broad, reaching onto ventral side of abdomen. Preabdominal sterna paler than terga, ochreous brown (S 5 sometimes darker), narrow, as long as or slightly longer than wide, becoming slightly larger posteriorly (S 5 largest), nnely setose, only S 1 bare and with bipartite dark pigmentation separated by transverse pale stripe. Spiracles situated near ventral margin of terga. T 6 well developed, about half length of T 5 and hence transverse, not always bare, often with a few setae at posterior margin. S 6 and S 7 strongly asymmetrical, brown; S 6 slightly shorter and paler, and both with strongly sclerotized and blackish brown anterior margin, each with 2 – 3 setae; S 8 situated dorsally, long, tapered posteriorly and strongly convex dorsally, with a number of setae in posterior two-thirds. Genitalia. Epandrium (Figs 527, 529) closely resembling that of A. elbergi. Dark brown, relatively small compared to preabdomen (as usual in A. gracilis group, cf. Fig. 14), ventrally shorter than in the latter species and more densely setose, usually with 1 pair of longer and thicker setae; anal nssure moderately narrow, irregularly rounded subtriangular. Cercus of moderate size, narrow, with numerous nne setae, the longest apical not much longer than subapical one. Medandrium (Figs 527, 529) narrow and high as in A. elbergi but with dorsolateral corners less projecting. Gonostylus (Figs 527, 529, 535) small compared to epandrium (as in all species of the group), very similar to that of A. elbergi, thus relatively slender and elongate, apically gradually tapered and strongly bent medially but with apex less pointed, rather truncate, with small anteroapical tooth, largely micropubescent on outer side, and nnely setose on inner side both anteriorly and posteriorly. Hypandrium (Fig. 530) moderate, relatively long and narrow, with anterior internal lobes low, reduced; posterior parts of hypandrium nrmly fused with transandrium. Transandrium (Fig. 531) heavily sclerotized and posteromedially projecting into robust caudal process that is ventrally terminated by conspicuous trough-like appendage having serrate margins (Figs 530 – 532) as in A. elbergi but this appendage distinctly shorter and wider and with fewer teeth laterally. Pregonite (Fig. 530) fused to hypandrium, with anterior part more projecting ventrally than in A. elbergi and ending in a small triangular (inclinate) tooth and bearing 3 setae (seta on tooth-like process long); posterior part of pregonite reduced and bare. Postgonite (Fig. 530) slender, elongate, distinctly bent and with blunt apex, with 1 anterior setula in distal third in addition to a number of granular sensillae; its proximal part connected with relatively large dark basal sclerite provided with a few (usually 3) anteroventral spines, thus more resembling those of the other two Nearctic species of the group than that of A. elbergi. Basal membrane seemingly without armature or sculptures which are instead incorporated into the ventral appendage of caudal process of transandrium. Aedeagal part of folding apparatus huge, with rich spinose armature on its walls extremely similar to that of A. elbergi: right wall with two (dorsal and ventral) clusters of spines (more numerous in dorsal group but longer in ventral group, Fig. 528); left wall dorsally with a few strong spines and a number of spine-like tubercles, ventrally with several longer and robust spines (Fig. 534). Connecting sclerite slender but well sclerotized and armed with 2 spines on apex and several adjacent tubercles (Fig. 534). Phallapodeme relatively slender but its basal part widened and deeply forked, fulcrum rather strong and apex with shortly projecting ventrolateral corners. Aedeagus with short, frame-like phallophore that is fused to large distiphallus, the latter basally reinforced by several elongate sclerites and bind from basal third. Saccus proximally well sclerotized (more so on right side) and its larger distal part (Fig. 534) armed with 5 robust black spines (thus, distinctly fewer than in A. elbergi having 7 – 8 such spines) and a group of nne spinulae. Filum (Fig. 534) formed by single sclerite, only partly pigmented, particularly in its ventral spinulose part and in its distal third, where it is subterminally widened and with a projecting spine on the dorsal corner (Fig. 533); apical part of nlum slender, tapering into sinuate, very slender and acute point with 2 – 3 spinulae (Fig. 533). Ejacapodeme (Fig. 534) very small, with slender digitiform projection, as in A. elbergi. Female. Similar to male unless mentioned otherwise. Total body length 2.38 – 3.10 mm. Antenna with 1 st nagellomere anterodorsally (on both sides) brownish or ochreous darkened, with only proximal and ventral parts yellow. Palpus rarely very slightly darkened apically. Wing measurements: length 2.58 – 3.14 mm, width 0.81 – 1.05 mm, Cs 3: Cs 4 = 0.97 – 1.53, rm \ dm-cu: dm-cu = 2.29 – 2.86. Abdomen with terga brown but paler and with sparser microtomentum than thorax. T 1 separate and smaller (also shorter) than T 2; T 3 – T 5 slightly longer than T 2, subequal in length but becoming slightly narrower posteriorly, all shortly setose. Preabdominal sterna somewhat wider than in male, nnely setose. S 2 – S 5 becoming larger and wider posteriorly, S 2 – S 4 about as long as broad, S 5 somewhat wider than long. Postabdomen (Figs 536 – 538) long, slender, tapered posteriorly, telescopic. T 6 large, broad (but longer and narrower than that of A. elbergi), uniformly brown, setose in posterior twothirds. S 6 slightly wider than long, wider posteriorly (distinctly longer than in A. elbergi), pale ochreous but often brownish-darkened, particularly laterally. Tergosternum T 7 + S 7 conically ring-shaped, blackish brown; posteromedially narrowly incised dorsally (Fig. 537) (as in relatives); venter more broadly desclerotized posteromedially; anteroventrally with characteristically domed, narrow, brown-pigmented (often somewhat triangular) area (Fig. 538), thus markedly different from that of A. elbergi. 7 th spiracle can sometimes be more or less protruding (particularly visible on cleared abdomen of air-dried specimens, cf. Fig. 538). Membranous posterolateral area posterior to T 7 can be secondarily sclerotized in some specimens (but much less so than that of A. equiseti). 8 th segment (Figs 536, 538), narrow, long, largely membranous and densely micropubescent. T 8 narrow, elongate, with nne exclinate setae but differing from that of A. elbergi in having anterior corners laterally expanded and anterior margin emarginate (Fig. 537); S 8 much shorter than T 8, medially divided to form 2 narrow, nnely setose sclerites (Fig. 538), each having posterior end anterodorsally curved and invaginated (Fig. 539), thus closely resembling that of A. elbergi. Genital chamber (uterus) with internal sclerotization distinctive (Figs 539, 542), formed by 2 pairs of long, nat, partly fused sclerites (the darker medial pair with characteristic sinuous pigmentation, Fig. 539) and 1 anterior, narrow, strongly posteriorly curved annular sclerite, narrower and longer than that of A. elbergi. Ventral receptacle (Fig. 539) narrow, tube-like, long, hyaline and terminally twisted as in relatives but distinctly shorter and less vermicular apically (Fig. 543) than in A. elbergi; accessory gland hyaline, with poorly denned grains in surface, borne on slightly distally dilated duct. Spermathecae (1 + 1) irregularly suboval, with long digitiform invagination, surface distinctly ringed (in constrast to plain surface in A. elbergi) with dark spinulae (longer than in A. elbergi) asymetrically distributed around duct insertion, the latter situated eccentrically close to opening of invagination (Figs 540, 541) and with very short, pale-pigmented cervix. T 10 (Fig. 537) small, dark, rounded trapezoidal (wider posteriorly), with 4 – 5 pairs of setae including 1 long pair and with sparse micropubescence. S 10 narrow (Fig. 538), elongately pentagonal, tapered anteriorly, nnely setulose and micropubescent. Cercus slender, relatively long, with numerous nne setae, apical and dorsopreapical the longest.

Discussion. As noted in the above description, A. furvifrons sp. nov. is most closely allied to the northern Palaearctic A. elbergi. This sister-species relationship is clearly demonstrated by the highly similar male and female terminalia, including the following probable synapomorphies: gonostylus with apex somewhat truncate; triangular process of pregonite reduced; ventral appendage of caudal process of transandrium elongate and thin. The Anthomyza furvifrons + A. elbergi pair is considered to be related to another Transpalaearctic species, A. gracilis Fallén, 1823, because all share the following apomorphies: aedeagal part of folding apparatus with strong spines also ventrally; female genital chamber with paired internal sclerites doubled. Anthomyza furvifrons can be distinguished from A. elbergi (and both Nearctic relatives A. vulgaris sp. nov. and A. equiseti sp. nov.) in having the posterior half of the orbit dark up to the midpoint between the middle and posterior ors; it further differs from A. elbergi by the medially dark anterior half of the frons, having only 2 dc and the yellow hind femora in the male (not darkened). There are additional genitalic features distinguishing A. furvifrons from A. elbergi in the male genitalia (appendage of caudal process distinctly shorter and wider and with fewer teeth laterally; pregonite with small triangular tooth anteriorly; postgonite with large and spinose basal sclerite; saccus with only 5 robust spines; nlum subterminally with a dorsal spiniform corner) and female terminalia (both T 6 and S 6 longer and narrower; T 7 + S 7 with anteroventral pale brown area domed and desclerotized posteroventral area small; spermatheca with characteristic morphology).

Distribution. Anthomyza furvifrons has the most restricted range of the three species in this group. It is known only from a few jurisdictions in eastern North America as far west as Minnesota (Canada: New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Ontario and Quebec; United States of America: Maine, Michigan, Minnesota and New York) (see Table 2, Fig. 600).

Etymology. The new species name (a noun in apposition) refers to its darkened frons (furvus = Latin dark, swarthy), differing in this feature from its closest relative A. elbergi.

Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♂, “ CAN: ON: ~ 74 kmNNE The-ssalon, shore of Mississagi R., 17. vii. 2010, KNBarber, sweeps, graminoids, herbs, Equisetum spp. 46 ° 53.94 ’ N 83 ° 16.23 ’ W ” and “ Holotypus ♂ Anthomyza furvifrons sp. n., J. Roháček & K. N. Barber det. 2014 ” (red). The specimen is in perfect condition, with exposed genitalia and highly visible gonostyli (see Fig. 518) (CNCI, intact). PARATYPES: CANADA: NEW BRUNSWICK: Birch Cove, nr. Chamcook, 4. vii. 1965, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (1 ♂ most of legs missing); Chamcook, 30. vi. 1965, 1 ♀, on goldenrod, 7. viii. 1957, 1 ♀, Centaurea, 7. viii. 1957, 1 ♀, all G. E Shewell leg.; Maces Bay, Hwy 790, 9. vii. 1971, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ (1 ♀ genit. prep.), B. V. Peterson leg. (all CNCI); Middle Sackville, 45 ° 55.4 ' N 64 ° 21.4 ' W, sweep vegetation along old rail line, 19. vii. 2002, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, J. Forrest & T. Wheeler leg. (LEMQ 0039175, - 40345, 1 ♀ genit. prep.); Musquash, 10. viii. 1956, 1 ♀, A. H. Sturtevant leg. (USNM); Sackville, near Mt. Allison Univ., 45 ° 53.9 ' N 64 ° 22.5 ' W, sweep old garden in vacant lot, 19. vii. 2002, 4 ♀♀, J. Forrest & T. Wheeler leg. (LEMQ 0040333, - 36, - 39, - 41); Woodstock, 8. viii. 1956, 1 ♀, A. H. Sturtevant leg. (USNM). NEWFOUNDLAND: Pasadena, sweeping low veg., 24. viii. 1984, 1 ♂, low veg. in neld, 1. viii. 1984, 1 ♂, L. Hollett leg. (CNCI). ONTARIO: Algonquin Park, 26 – 30. vii. 1955, 2 ♀♀, Sabrosky leg. (USNM); Baptiste Lake, 45 ° 10 ' N 78 ° 00 ' W, sweep near lake shore, 25. vii. 2000, 1 ♀, J. Forrest leg. (LEMQ 0039493); Bruce Co., Spring Creek at Hwy 6, grass – Typha, 22. vii. 2000, 1 ♂, S. A. Marshall leg. (DEBU 00079576); Bruce Peninsula N. P., Dorcas Bay Rd. at Willow Creek, 45 ° 09.4 ' N 81 ° 34.4 ' W, sweeps, mostly creekside graminoids, 3. vii. 1999, 1 ♀; same locality but Singing Sands, 45 ° 11.6 ' N 81 ° 34.7 ' W, sweeps, Calamagrostis canadensis, 29. vii. 1997, 1 ♀, sweeps, Agropyron / Calamagrostis, 30. vii. 1997, 1 ♂, 5. vii. 1998, 3 ♀♀, all K. N. Barber leg. (all DEBU); Cochrane, 49 ° 03.54 ' N 81 ° 04.41 ' W, sweeps, grasses on edge of hwy. pulloff, 21. vii. 2009, 2 ♀♀; ~ 5 km SE Cochrane, 49 ° 01.16 ' N 80 ° 57.93 ' W, sweeps, railside Equisetum spp., graminoids, herbs, 18. vii. 2009, 8 ♂♂ 15 ♀♀ (1 ♂ genit. prep.); Dryden, 49 ° 47.1 ' N 92 ° 48.4 ' W, sweeps, grasses in low area, 10. vii. 1999, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (1 ♀ left wing missing); Dryden, 49 ° 47.27 ' N 92 ° 48.62 ' W, sweeps, mixed graminoids / herbs, 17. vii. 2008, 1 ♂, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); Dubreuilville, 48 ° 21.09 ' N 84 ° 33.90 ' W, sweeping undergrowth of Pinus / Populus forest, with Clintonia, Vaccinium, ferns, graminoids, 10. vii. 2010, 1 ♂, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC, genit. prep.); Dubreuilville, along Magpie River, 48 ° 21.12 ' N 84 ° 34.04 ' W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile, Carex, 10. vii. 2010, 1 ♂; ~ 35 km WSW Dubreuilville, 2 km SE jct. Hwys. # 17 & # 519, 48 ° 17.16 ' N 84 ° 53.34 ' W, sweeps, roadside Calamagrostis / Scirpus, 23. vii. 2003, 1 ♂, both K. N. Barber leg. (both CNCI); ~ 55 km NNW Elliot Lake, S of Rocky Island Lake, 46 ° 49.32 ' N 82 ° 59.54 ' W, 455 m, sweeping, vegetation with predominant Scirpus sp., 3. vii. 2010, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (1 ♂ 1 ♀ genit. prep.); ~ 61 km NNW Elliot Lake, Three Lakes, 46 ° 49.94 ' N 83 ° 06.31 ' W, 425 m, sweeping grasses nr. lakeshore, 3. vii. 2010, 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (3 ♂♂ genit. prep.), all J. Roháček leg. (all SMOC); Finland, 17. vii. 1960, 1 ♀, 21. vii. 1960, 2 ♂♂, S. M. Clark leg. (CNCI); ~ 7.0 km E Foleyet, 48 ° 14.34 ' N 82 ° 20.75 ' W, hydro right-of-way, sweeps, mostly Carex utriculata, 13. vii. 2013, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀; Fraserdale, 49 ° 50.71 ' N 81 ° 36.99 ' W, sweeps, graminoids, herbs in disturbed area, 19. vii. 2009, 2 ♀♀, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); Greenwater P. Pk., 49 ° 10.91 ' N 81 ° 16.28 ' W, sweeps, Carex, Calamagrostis, Phalaris, in creek noodplain, 21. vii. 2009, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (DEBU 01502126 – 28); Greenwater P. Pk., 49 ° 11.05 ' N 81 ° 16.04 ' W, sweeps, mostly lakeside Calamagrostis canadensis, 18. vii. 2009, 1 ♀ (DEBU 01502104, - 05); Greenwater P. Pk., 49 ° 11.34 ' N 81 ° 17.04 ' W, sweeps, grasses / herbs in hydro cut, 21. vii. 2009, 2 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (DEBU 01502244 – 53); Greenwater P. Pk., Sandbar Lk. Trail, 49 ° 13.10 ' N 81 ° 17.35 ' W, sweeps, lakeshore Equisetum spp., graminoids, Caltha, 21. vii. 2009, 2 ♀♀ (DEBU 01502104, - 05), all K. N. Barber leg.; 6 km W Hagar, 46.47 ° N 80.48 ° W, sweep river edge at rest area, 29. vi. 2007, 2 ♀♀, T. A. Wheeler leg. (LEMQ 0040285, - 86); Hwy 17 N & Trout Lake Road, 46 ° 37.563 ' N 84 ° 17.019 ' W, sweep, roadside, 23. vii. 2011, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, J. E. Swann & D. R. Edwards (BDUC, 1 ♀ genit. prep.); Icewater Creek WS [Watershed], 13.5 km NNE Searchmont, mi. 11.5 Whitman Dam Rd., sandy access road, 1. vii. 1986, 1 ♀; ~ 25 km WNW Ignace, 49 ° 29.52 ' N 92 ° 00.83 ' W, sweeps, fen, mostly Carex utriculata with grasses, 4. vii. 2012, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 40 km S Ignace, Hwy # 17, 49 ° 15.6 ' N 91 ° 07.9 ' W, sweeps / pooter, roadside Bromus inermis, 10. vii. 1999, 1 ♀; ~ 11.9 km N Kejick, 49 ° 43.89 ' N 95 ° 04.14 ' W, sweeps, wet ditch, graminoids / Equisetum, 30. vii. 2008, 1 ♀, all K. N. Barber leg.; Kenora, 22. viii. 1958, 1 ♀, J. G. Chillcott leg. (all CNCI); Manitoulin Is., 0.7 km N Michael’s Bay Pk., 45 ° 36.5 ' N 82 ° 06.2 ' W, sweeps, roadside grasses, 28. vii. 1997, 1 ♂, sweeps / pooter, graminoids in fen nat, 30. viii. 2004, 1 ♀; Hwy # 17, ~ 8.5 km NW Marathon, 48 ° 47.69 ' N 86 ° 26.07 ' W, sweeps, roadside graminoids, 31. vii. 2008, 1 ♂, all K. N. Barber leg.; One-Sided [= Caliper] Lake, 13. vii. 1960, 1 ♂, 19. vii. 1960, 1 ♂, S. M. Clark leg., 26. vi. 1960, 2 ♀♀, 29. vi. 1960, 1 ♀, Kelton & Whitney leg. (all CNCI); Otter Rapids, 50 ° 10.91 ' N 81 ° 38.54 ' W, sweeps, mostly Calamagrostis canadensis in hydro cut, 19. vii. 2009, 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 20. vii. 2009, 2 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀; Otter Rapids, 50 ° 10.96 ' N 81 ° 37.88 ' W, sweeps, grasses, herbs on roadside slope, 20. vii. 2009, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, sweeps, mostly Schedonorus arundinaceus, on roadside slope, 20. vii. 2009, 10 ♂♂ 16 ♀♀, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); Thunder Bay Distr., mouth of Pic River, N side, 48 ° 36 ' N 86 ° 18 ' W, 20. vii. 2001, 1 ♀, M. Buck leg. (DEBU 00169254); René Brunelle P. Pk., 49 ° 25.89 ' N 82 ° 08.44 ' W, sweeps, roadside Equisetum spp., 19. vii. 2009, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DEBU 01502002, - 03); ~ 2 km E Rossport, Hwy # 17, picnic area, 48 ° 50.3 ' N 87 ° 29.4 ' W, sweeps of graminoids, 9. vii. 1999, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (CNCI), all K. N. Barber leg; S [ault] S [te.] Marie, S. of Algoma U [niversity] College, 46 ° 29.9 ' N 84 ° 17.2 ' W, sweeps, Calamagrostis canadensis & Carex aquatilis, 23. vii. 1997, 3 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (CNCI 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, SMOC 1 ♂ 1 ♀), sweeps, Calamagrostis canadensis / Carex aquatilis, 6. viii. 2002, 1 ♀ (CNCI), sweeps / pooter, Calamagrostis canadensis, 3. viii. 1997, 4 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀ (CNCI 3 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, 1 ♂ genit. prep.; SMOC 1 ♂ 1 ♀), 12. vii. 2002, 1 ♂, sweeps, Calamagrostis canadensis, 29. vii. 1999, 2 ♀♀, sweeps, mostly Calamagrostis canadensis, 28. vii. 2001, 2 ♀♀ (1 ♀ genit. prep.), 29. vii. 2001, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 6. viii. 2001, 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (1 ♀ genit. prep.), sweeps / pooter, Carex aquatilis, 3. viii. 1997, 1 ♀, sweeps, Carex aquatilis, 12. vii. 2002, 1 ♀, 27. vii. 2005, 1 ♀, sweeps, mostly Carex aquatilis, 15. vii. 2001, 1 ♂, 17. vii. 2001, 1 ♂, 18. vii. 2001, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ (1 ♀ with wing glued to pin); same locality but 46 ° 29.88 ' N 84 ° 17.19 ' W, sweeps, Scirpus cyperinus, 21. viii. 2004, 2 ♂♂ (all CNCI), all K. N. Barber leg.; S [ault] S [te.] Marie, Baseline Rd., 46 ° 31.41 ' N 84 ° 24.57 ' W, sweeps, sparse veg. on disturbed site, 26. vi. 2005, 1 ♀; same locality but w. of creek, 46 ° 31.61 ' N 84 ° 24.68 ' W, sweeps, Carex edge of alder thicket, 22. vii. 2005, 1 ♂; S [ault] S [te.] Marie, Bristol Pl. Pk., 46 ° 30.8 ' N 84 ° 16.6 ' W, sweeps / pooter, Calamagrostis canadensis, 1. viii. 1997, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (1 ♂ genit. prep.), sweeps / pooter, Phalaris arundinacea, 1. viii. 1997, 1 ♀, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); S [ault] S [te.] Marie, Finn Hill, 46 ° 31.6 ' N 84 ° 17.3 ' W, sweeps, graminoids / composites, 19. vii. 2005, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; same locality but 46 ° 31.48 ' N 84 ° 17.36 ' W, sweeps, mostly Scirpus microcarpus, 8. vii. 2006, 1 ♀; same locality but 46 ° 31.57 ' N 84 ° 17.37 ' W, sweeps, Calamagrostis, Rubus, ferns, 15. vii. 2006, 1 ♀; same locality but 46 ° 31.67 ' N 84 ° 17.32 ' W, sweeps, Calamagrostis canadensis, 30. vii. 2004, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀; same locality but 46 ° 31.63 ' N 84 ° 17.33 ' W, sweeps, graminoids, herbs, composites, edge of Populus tremuloides, 8. viii. 2008, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 10. viii. 2008, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); Sault Ste. Marie, Fish Hatchery Road, near Coldwater Creek, 46 ° 34.29 ' N 84 ° 17.21 ' W, sweeping graminoids, Impatiens, 9. vii. 2010, 2 ♂♂, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC, both genit. prep.); S [ault] S [te.] Marie, Ft. Creek Cons [ervation] Area, 46 ° 32.5 ' N 84 ° 20.8 ' W, sweeps, mixed meadow veg., 9. viii. 1997, 1 ♂; S [ault] S [te.] Marie, Landslide Rd., Coldwater Ck. noodplain, 46 ° 33.8 ' N 84 ° 16.6 ' W, sweeps / pooter, Calamagrostis canadensis, 7. viii. 1997, 1 ♀, sweeps, mostly Carex sp., 7. viii. 1997, 2 ♀♀; S [ault] S [te.] Marie, Sault Coll [ege] Outdoor Lab, 46 ° 32.1 ' N 84 ° 18.2 ' W, sweeps, mixed meadow veg., 25. vii. 1997, 2 ♀♀, sweeps, Phalaris arundinacea, 25. vii. 1997, 1 ♀; S [ault] S [te.] Marie, hydro cut nr. Sault Coll [ege] Outdoor Lab, 46 ° 32.1 ' N 84 ° 18.0 ' W, sweeps, mostly sedges, 10. vii. 2003, 1 ♀; S [ault] S [te.] Marie, Whitensh Is. / St. Mary’s Is., 46 ° 30.68 ' N 84 ° 21.20 ' W, riparian graminoids, sweeps, 8. viii. 2004, 1 ♀ (genit. prep.); S [ault] S [te.] Marie, Hwy # 17 city limits, 46 ° 36.58 ' N 84 ° 17.83 ' W, sweeps, mostly Carex / Calamagrostis in wet area, 23. viii. 2004, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀; same locality but 46 ° 36.62 ' N 84 ° 17.85 ' W, sweeps, Carex gynandra in alder thicket, 4. vii. 2016, 1 ♂, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); ~ 10 km W S [ault] S [te.] Marie, Airport Rd., 46 ° 29.9 ' N 84 ° 28.9 ' W, natural gas r [igh] t-of-way, sweeps, graminoids, composites, Equisetum, Rubus, ferns, 25. viii. 2008, 1 ♂; same locality but 46 ° 29.72 ' N 84 ° 28.96 ' W, sweeps, graminoids, composites, Equisetum, Rubus, ferns, 14. vii. 2010, 5 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, sweeps, graminoids, Equisetum, herbs, 5. viii. 2009, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, sweeps, mostly Scirpus / Calamagrostis, 4. viii. 2004, 1 ♂, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI), sweeping graminoids, composites, Equisetum, Rubus, ferns, 12. vii. 2010, 10 ♂♂ 14 ♀♀, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC, 5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ genit. prep.); 20 km W S [ault] S [te.] M [arie], Pt. de [s] Chenes Pk., 14. vii. 1986, 1 ♂, K. N. Barber leg. (CNCI); MacIntyre Road, north of Sault Ste. Marie, 46 ° 37.403 ' N 84 ° 18.320 ' W, sweep, roadside, 23. vii. 2011, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, J. E. Swann & D. R. Edwards (BDUC); Searchmont, N Hwy # 552, 46 ° 51.3 ' N 84 ° 02.4 ' W, sweeps, graminoids around gravel pit, 24. vii. 1998, 1 ♀; 12.4 km NNE Searchmont, mi. 10 Whitman Dam Rd., herb / grass meadow by Goulais R., 23. vi. 1986, 2 ♀♀; 18 km NNE Searchmont, mi. 15 Whitman Dam Rd., grassy access road, 19. vi. 1986, 1 ♂, 29. vi. 1987, 1 ♂ 4 ♀♀; ~ 18.8 km NNE Searchmont, Goulais River WS [Watershed], ~ mi. 15 Whitman Dam Rd., 46 ° 55.7 ' N 83 ° 56.2 ' W, sweeps, jackpine plantation, 29. vii. 1999, 1 ♀ (abdomen glued to pin), all K. N. Barber leg.; Sioux Narrows, 25. vi. 1960, 1 ♂ (genit. prep.), Kelton & Whitney leg. (all CNCI); Thunder Bay Distr., Sleeping Giant Prov. Pk., Sawbill Lk. Trail, 48 ° 21 ' N 88 ° 50 ' W, 13. vii. 2002, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, M. Buck leg. (DEBU 00199157, - 170, 1 ♂ genit. prep.); ~ 21 km NNE Smooth Rock Falls, 49 ° 20.91 ' N 81 ° 32.01 ' W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile in wet ditch, 19. vii. 2009, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, sweeps, ditchside Equisetum spp. [including E. ssuviatile], grasses, herbs, 19. vii. 2009, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, K. N. Barber leg. (CNCI); ~ 74 km NNE Thessalon, 46 ° 53.94 ' N 83 ° 16.23 ' W, shore of Mississagi R., sweeps, graminoids, herbs, Equisetum spp., 5. vii. 2010, 9 ♂♂ 12 ♀♀ (CNCI, 1 ♀ genit. prep.), 17. vii. 2010, 38 ♂♂ 54 ♀♀ (AMNH, CASC, DEBU, LACM, MCZC, USNM 4 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀ each; CNCI 14 ♂♂ 18 ♀♀ incl. pair in copula, 1 ♀ genit. prep.), sweeps, Equisetum spp. on mud bank, 17. vii. 2010, 1 ♂ (CNCI, wing illustration), K. N. Barber leg., sweeping graminoids with Equisetum spp. on muddy shore, 5. vii. 2010, 8 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC, 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ genit. prep.); ~ 92 km NNE Thessalon, nr. Mountain Ash Lake, 47 ° 02.98 ' N 83 ° 10.88 ' W, sweeping Carex aquatilis on edge of wetland, 4. vii. 2010, 1 ♀, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC, genit. prep.); White River, 48 ° 35.5 ' N 85 ° 16.6 ' W, sweeps, mixed grasses edge of parking lot, 9. vii. 1999, 4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, K. N. Barber leg. (CNCI). QUEBEC: Charlevoix, Ste-Aimé-des-Lacs, 47 ° 41 ' N, 70 ° 18.5 ' W, sweep vegetation, 5. viii. 2001, 1 ♀, V. Dion leg. (LEMQ 0039190); Forillon N. P., Anse Saint-Georges, 48 ° 46 ' N 64 ° 12 ' W, sweep at roadside, 16. viii. 2001, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (LEMQ 0039172, - 78, - 79); Gaspé, Forillon N. P., Cap des Rosiers, 48 ° 50 ' N 64 ° 12 ' W, sweep grass, 6. viii. 2000, 2 ♂♂ (LEMQ 0039262, - 63); Gaspé, Forillon N. P., Haldiman St. - Jean R., 48 ° 47 ' N 64 ° 22 ' W, sweep salt marsh vegetation, 31. vii. 2000, 1 ♂ (LEMQ 0039366); Gaspé, Forillon N. P., Ruisseau Petit Gaspé, 48 ° 54 ' N 64 ° 21 ' W, sweep muddy area, 6. viii. 2000, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (LEMQ 0039402, - 04), all H. Varady-Szabo leg.; Ile Bonaventure, 3 km from Côte de Percé, 48 ° 30 ' N 64 ° 10 ' W, sweep grass, 28. vii. 2000, 5 ♀♀, H. Varady-Szabo leg. (LEMQ 0039254, - 257, - 336, - 338, - 339), 2 ♀♀, A. Thibault leg. (LEMQ 0039207, - 284, 1 ♀ genit. prep.); Îles de la Madeleine, Île de la Grande Entrée, Chemin du Bassin Ouest, 47 ° 32.96 ' N 61 ° 32.64 ' W, sweep neld at road, 9. viii. 2004, 1 ♀, V. Dion leg. (LEMQ 0040481), sweep neld along road, 9. viii. 2004, 1 ♀, S. Boucher leg. (LEMQ 0040505); Laniel, 1. vii. 1944, 1 ♂ 4 ♀♀, A. R. Brooks leg.; La Verendrye Prov. Pk., mi. 139 Rte. 58, 29. vi. 1965, 1 ♂, D. M. Wood leg. (all CNCI). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: MAINE: Greenville, 1. viii. 1930, 1 ♀; Pittston, 3. viii. 1950, 1 ♂, both A. L. Melander leg. (both USNM). MICHIGAN: Delta Co., 3. vii. 1955, 1 ♀, R. R. Dreisbach leg.; Keweenaw Co., Isle Royale, 11., 13. vii. 1938, 2 ♂♂, 13., 15. vii. 1938, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, G. Steyskal leg. (all USNM); Berrien Co., St. Joseph, 19. vi. 1975, 1 ♀, D. D. Wilder leg. (CASC). MINNESOTA: Eaglesnest, 30. vi. 1959, 2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (INHS 40,087 – 089, - 105 – 107, 1 ♀ genit. prep.), 16. vii. 1959, 2 ♀♀ (INHS 40,108, - 109), 6. vii. 1959, 1 ♀ (INHS 40,094), 11. vii. 1959, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ (INHS 40,095, - 111 – 113), 11. vii. 1952, 1 ♀ (INHS 40,098), 25. viii. 1958, 1 ♂ (INHS 40,099), 12. viii. 1958, 1 ♀ (INHS 40,100), 30. vi. 1954, 1 ♂ (INHS 40,102), 6. vii. 1954, 1 ♂ (INHS 40,103, genit. prep.), 13. vii. 1957, 2 ♂♂ (INHS 40,119, - 121), 28. vi. 1957, 1 ♀ (INHS 40,126), 5. vii. 1957, 1 ♀ (INHS 40,128), 23. vii. 1958, 5 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (INHS 40,140, - 142 – 144, - 146, - 147), all W. V. Balduf leg. (all part of mixed series [with A. vulgaris] with Sabrosky det. as Anthomyza gracilis); Aitkin Co., 14 mi W Willow River, 46.334 ° N 93.096 ° W, 27. vii. 1997, 1 ♂, D. E. Hansen leg. (CNCI). NEW YORK: Franklin Co., Paul Smiths, 20. vii. 1962, 2 ♂♂, J. R. Vockeroth leg. (CNCI). Other material examined (not included in type series). CANADA: ONTARIO: One-Sided [= Caliper] Lake, 1. viii. 1960, 1 ♀, S. M. Clark leg. (CNCI, broken, abdomen, wing, 3 legs in gelatin capsule); ~ 10 km W Sault Ste. Marie, Airport Rd., 46 ° 29.72 ' N 84 ° 28.96 ' W, natural gas r [igh] t-of-way, sweeping graminoids, composites, Equisetum, Rubus, ferns, 2 ♂♂, 12. vii. 2010, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC, used for molecular work); ~ 74 km NNE Thessalon, shore of Mississagi River, 46 ° 53.94 ' N 83 ° 16.23 ' W, sweeping graminoids with Equisetum spp. on muddy shore, 5. vii. 2010, 1 ♀, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC, headless, genit. prep.). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: MINNESOTA: Eaglesnest, 5. vii. 1957, 2 ♀♀, W. V. Balduf leg. (INHS 40,129, - 130, 1 ♀ missing wings & 2 legs, 1 ♀ missing tip of abdomen).