Spatially explicit database of tree related microhabitats (TreMs)
Citation
Kraus D, Schuck A, Bebi P, Blaschke M, Bütler R, Flade M, Heintz W, Krumm F, Lachat T, Larrieu L, Lehnerova L, Levin M, Mergner U, Pach M, Paillet Y, Pyttel P, Rydkvist T, Santopuoli G, Sever K, Sturm K, Vandekerkhove K, Winter S, Witz M, Winnock M, Marcandella M, Roth I, Jakob A, Dickele R, Hofmann G, Ruis-Eckhardt D, Boschen S, Schölmerich U, Leder B, Guericke M, Merkel H, Löffler D, Schusser S, Runkel M, Steinmetz A, Marx K H, Mongelluzzi A, Wilshusen F, Boutteaux J, Duchamp L, Dericbourg N, Rouyer E, Csikos V, Sweeny K, Steichen D, Leytem M, Konczal S, Stereńczak K, Kazimirovic M, Šebeň V, Baiges Zapater T, van der Maaten-Theunissen M, Pommer A, Nord-Larsen T, Fuhr M, Delebeque L, Navarro L M, Lasala D, Waez-Mousavi S, Sefidi K, Abellanas B, Zudin S (2022). Spatially explicit database of tree related microhabitats (TreMs). Version 1.26. Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE). Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/ocof3v accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-08-14.Description
‘Tree – tree’ interactions are important structuring mechanisms for forest community dynamics. Forest management takes advantage of competition effects on tree growth by removing or retaining trees to achieve management goals. Both competition and silviculture have thus a strong effect on density and distribution of tree related microhabitats (TreMs) which are key features for forest taxa at the stand scale (e.g. Bouget et al. 2013, 2014). In particular, spatially explicit data to understand patterns and mechanisms of TreM formation in forest stands are rare. To train and eventually improve decision making capacities related to the integration of biodiversity aspects into forest management to date more than 100 usually 1 ha (100 m x 100m) permanent plots were established in different forest communities of Europe. Due to their demonstration character the selection of plots was non-systematic. They do, however, cover a broad range of forest types (e.g. beech-oak, beech-fir (-spruce), oak-hornbeam, pine-spruce, etc.), altitudinal gradients (from 25 m – 1850 m) and site conditions (e.g. oligotrophic Luzulo-Fagetum or Vaccinio-Pinetum to mesotrophic Galio-Fagetum or Milio-Fagetum). For each plot the following data is collected: (1) tree location as polar coordinates (stem base map), (2) tree species, (3) forest mensuration data (dbh in [cm], tree height in [m]), (4) tree related microhabitats (TreMs) and (5) tree status (living or standing dead). In addition to the spatial dendrometric data we provide information on plot establishment, forest type, plot location (state, region, country), elevation, means for annual precipitation and temperature, and the natural forest community (Kraus et al., 2018).Purpose
The demonstration plots to date were/are being established in the course of the projects Integrate+, Informar and FoReSite. Focus is given on showing good practice examples of integrative forest management concepts. The plots are designed following the marteloscope approach which allows to perform virtual tree selection exercises based on different scenarios and forest management strategies. Immediate feedback on decisions is given in terms of ecological and economic impacts with the help of a software that runs on hand held devises. Particular attention is given to tree related microhabitats as these structures are home to many, also endangered species. Retaining and restoring such habitats in managed forests can be well integrated into the work portfolio of forest managers and thus be a direct contribution to biodiversity conservation in managed forests. TreM recording and the development of the tree microhabitat field catalogue aims at providing individual habitat values for each tree to make harvesting impacts visible in the course of training exercises (Krumm et al, 2019). The plots and the corresponding data themselves proved also a valuable resource for different research questions. In particular, the database with the spatially explicit information on trees and TreMs can support e.g. our understanding of TreM formation and development and their spatial distribution.Sampling Description
Study Extent
Plots were established based on interest to participate resulting in now more than 100 plots. They are mainly located in public and community forests, but also in forests owned by the church or private owners. They were selected by the forest owners based on either site availability or representing a particular forest management type (no systematic selection). Also the number of plots differs widely between countries e.g. from one to more than 35.Sampling
Tree location: polar coordinates Tree species: scientific name (Note: tree species was also recorded for standing dead trees as far as possible; in the case of late decay stages or stands with a wide variety of trees species this was not done. The tree species was then recorded as “0”). Diameter breast height (dbh): in [cm] at 1.3 meters height Tree height: in [m] Tree related microhabitats: 64 saproxylic and epixylic tree related microhabitat types are defined and described in detail within a hierarchical structure (published as a field guide; see: quality control for reference).Quality Control
Set-up of Marteloscope and data collection: Schuck, A., Krumm, F., Kraus, D., 2015. Integrate+ Marteloscopes - Description of parameters and assessment procedures. Integrate+ Technical Paper No. 18. 16 p. Tree related microhabitat assessment field guide: Kraus, D., Bütler, R., Krumm, F., Lachat, T., Larrieu, L., Mergner, U., Paillet, Y., Rydkvist, T., Schuck, A., and Winter, S., 2016. Catalogue of tree microhabitats – Reference field list. Integrate+ Technical Paper 13. 16 p. The catalogue of tree microhabitats is available in 17 languages: Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Farsi, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, North Macedonian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovenian, Spanish, Turkish and Ukrainian (http://iplus.efi.int/documentation.html)Method steps
- Plot selection: The permanent plots are selected non-systematically based on criteria, such as representative silvicultural systems for a region, accessibility or the availability of TreMs. Further plot selection was limited also by availability of forest stands which could ensure that tree removals would not take place within the next 5 to 10 years. Plot establishment: The plots are usually 1 hectare in size (100 m x 100 m) and of rectangular shape. Some of them, however, deviate in size and outline due to local site conditions, availability of resources or high tree numbers. Our standard approach is to divide the plot into 4 quadrants to facilitate orientation and the use of data subsets. All corners and centre points (incl. the centre points of each quadrant) are permanently marked. All trees with more than 7 cm diameter measured at breast height (dbh 1.30 m) are recorded and numbered. Data collection: All standing living and dead trees are recorded above a dbh of 7 cm. So is the species, spatial position, tree height and crown base height and the abundance of TreMs. Height measurements can e.g. be conducted with a digital hypsometer (VERTEX IV, Haglöf, Sweden), dbh usually with a measuring tape. Tree locations are determined e.g. by using a compass and the distance function of the Vertex digital hypsometer as a standard. In some plots the measurements were/are carried out using a specialized inventory software (Fieldmap, Czech Republic). In other plots tree coordinates were recorded using a GPS Trimble Geo7x. Note that a few trees with a dbh above 7 cm miss coordinates. They are still made available in this dataset to ensure completeness of all trees in the plots. Coordinates for those trees are labelled N/A. TreM recording in the field is based on the catalogue of tree microhabitats (see also quality control).
Additional info
The first version of the database was compiled and published in 2017 by the European Forest Institute in the course of the Integrate+ project (2013-2017; supported by the German Federal Ministry for Food and Agriculture). The database contained at the time 15191 records. The second, updated version of the database was compiled and published in 2020 in the course of the FoReSite project (2020-2022; supported by the German Federal Ministry for Food and Agriculture) by the European Forest Institute in its role as secretariat for the European Integrate network (https://integratenetwork.org/). The database now contains 42078 records.Taxonomic Coverages
Included are all tree species that occurred at least once in any of the plots.
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Fagus sylvaticacommon name: Common beech rank: species
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Fagus orientaliscommon name: Oriental beech rank: species
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Quercus roburcommon name: Pedunculate oak rank: species
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Quercus petraeacommon name: Sessile oak rank: species
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Quercus pubescenscommon name: Downy oak rank: species
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Quercus rubracommon name: Champion oak rank: species
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Picea abiescommon name: Norway spruce rank: species
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Pinus sylvaticacommon name: Scots pine rank: species
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Pinus nigracommon name: Black pine rank: species
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Pinus cembracommon name: Swiss stone pine rank: species
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Pinus mugocommon name: Swiss mountain pine rank: species
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Abies albacommon name: Silver fir rank: species
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Acer platanoidescommon name: Norway maple rank: species
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Acer pseudoplatanuscommon name: Sycamore maple rank: species
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Acer campestrecommon name: Field maple rank: species
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Fraxinus excelsiorcommon name: Common ash rank: species
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Carpinus betuluscommon name: Hornbeam rank: species
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Tilia cordatacommon name: Small-leaved lime rank: species
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Tilia platyphyllacommon name: Large-leaved lime rank: species
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Ulmus glabracommon name: Scots elm rank: species
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Larix deciduacommon name: European larch rank: species
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Betula pendulacommon name: Silver birch rank: species
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Betula pubescenscommon name: Downy birch rank: species
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Populus tremulacommon name: Common aspen rank: species
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Prunus aviumcommon name: Wild cherry rank: species
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Prunus paduscommon name: Bird cherry rank: species
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Alnus glutinosacommon name: Common alder rank: species
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Sorbus torminaliscommon name: Wild service tree rank: species
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Sorbus domesticacommon name: True service tree rank: species
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Sorbus aucupariacommon name: Rowan rank: species
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Sorbus ariacommon name: Common whitebeam rank: species
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Taxus baccatacommon name: European yew rank: species
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Salix capreacommon name: Goat willow rank: species
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Corylus avellanacommon name: Common hazel rank: species
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Pseudotsuga menziesiicommon name: Douglas fir rank: species
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Quercus cerriscommon name: Turkey oak rank: species
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Acer opaluscommon name: Italian maple rank: species
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Acer lobeliicommon name: Lobel's maple rank: species
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Ulmus minorcommon name: Field elm rank: species
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Ulmus laeviscommon name: European white elm rank: species
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Crateagus monogynacommon name: Common hawthorn rank: species
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Prunus serotinacommon name: Black cherry rank: species
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Abies grandiscommon name: Grand fir rank: species
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Acer tataricumcommon name: Tatar maple rank: species
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Aesculus hippocastanumcommon name: Horse chestnut rank: species
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Alnus incanacommon name: Grey alder rank: species
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Castanea sativacommon name: Sweet chestnut rank: species
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Cornus mascommon name: Cornelian cherry rank: species
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Corylus maximacommon name: Large filbert rank: species
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Frangula alnuscommon name: Alder buckthorn rank: species
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Fraxinus ornuscommon name: Manna ash rank: species
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Ilex aquifoliumcommon name: Holly rank: species
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Juglans regiacommon name: Common walnut rank: species
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Larix kaempfericommon name: Japanese larch rank: species
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Malus sylvestriscommon name: European crab apple rank: species
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Ostrya carpinifoliacommon name: European hop-hornbeam rank: species
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Paulownia tomentosacommon name: Princess tree rank: species
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Picea sitchensiscommon name: Sitka spruce rank: species
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Pinus strobuscommon name: Eastern white pine rank: species
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Prunus spinosacommon name: Blackthorn rank: species
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Quercus fagineacommon name: Portuguese oak rank: species
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Quercus frainettocommon name: Hungarian oak rank: species
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Robinia pseudoacaciacommon name: Black locust rank: species
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Sambucus nigracommon name: Black elder rank: species
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Tilia tomentosacommon name: Silver lime rank: species
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Tsuga heterophyllacommon name: Western hemlock rank: species
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Ulmus canescenscommon name: Grey elm rank: species
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Acer cappadocicumcommon name: Cappadocian maple rank: species
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Acer velutinumcommon name: Persian maple rank: species
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Aextoxicon punctatumcommon name: Olivillo rank: species
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Alnus subcordatacommon name: Caucasian alder rank: species
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Amomyrtus lumacommon name: Luma rank: species
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Araucaria araucanacommon name: Monkey puzzle tree / Chilean pine rank: species
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Caldcluvia paniculatacommon name: Tiaca rank: species
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Diospyros lotuscommon name: Caucasian persimmon rank: species
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Eucryphia cordifoliacommon name: Ulmo rank: species
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Gevuina avellanacommon name: Chilean hazelnut rank: species
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Juniperus oxycedruscommon name: Cade juniper rank: species
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Laureliopsis philippianacommon name: Tepa rank: species
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Laurelia sempervirenscommon name: Peruvian nutmeg rank: species
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Nothofagus alpinacommon name: Raulí beech rank: species
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Nothofagus dombeyicommon name: Dombey's beech rank: species
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Parrotia persicacommon name: Persian ironwood rank: species
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Persea linguecommon name: n.a. rank: species
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Pinus pinastercommon name: Maritime pine rank: species
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Podocarpus nubigenacommon name: n.a. rank: species
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Quercus castaneifoliacommon name: Chestnut-leaved oak rank: species
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Quercus ilexcommon name: Holm oak rank: species
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Tilia begonifoliacommon name: n.a. rank: species
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Weinmannia trichospermacommon name: Tineo rank: species
Geographic Coverages
Europe: Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland. The network of marteloscopes continues to grow due to an ongoing interest of institutions from Europe but also other world regions. A few plots in this database are located in Chile and Iran.
Bibliographic Citations
- Kraus, D., Bütler, R., Krumm, F., Lachat, T., Larrieu, L., Mergner, U., Paillet, Y., Rydkvist, T., Schuck, A., and Winter, S., 2016. Catalogue of tree microhabitats – Reference field list. Integrate+ Technical Paper 13. 16 p. Larrieu, L., Paillet, Y, Winter, S., Bütler, R., Kraus, D., Krumm, F, Lachat, T, Michel, A., Regnery, B., Vandekerkhove, K. 2018. Tree related microhabitats in temperate and Mediterranean European forests: A hierarchical typology for inventory standardization. Ecological Indicators 84: 194–207 Kraus, D., Schuck, A., Krumm, F., Bütler, R., Cosyns, H., Courbaud, B., Larrieu, L., Mergner, U., Pyttel, P., Varis, S., Wilhelm, G., Witz, M., Zenner, E. and Zudin, S., 2018. Seeing is building better understanding - the Integrate+ Marteloscopes. Integrate+ Technical Report. Marteloscopes (2018) 26:3 Krumm, F., Lachat T., Schuck, A., Bütler, R., Kraus, D., 2019. Marteloskope als Trainingstools zur Förderung und Erhaltung von Habitatbäumen im Wald. Schweizerische Z. Forstwes. 170 (2019) 2: 86-93. -
Contacts
Daniel Krausoriginator
position: Forest Manager (Head of Department)
Bavarian State Forest Enterprise Neureichenau
DE
Telephone: +49 (0) 170 335 7838
email: daniel.kraus@baysf.de
Andreas Schuck
originator
position: Senior Researcher (Main contact TreMs DB)
European Forest Institute
DE
Telephone: +49 (0) 173 6293092
email: andreas.schuck@efi.int
homepage: http://www.efi.int
Peter Bebi
originator
position: Team Leader
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research
CH
Markus Blaschke
originator
position: Senior Researcher
Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft
DE
Rita Bütler
originator
position: Head of Forest Biodiversity (Canton of Vaud)
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research
CH
Martin Flade
originator
position: Section Head
Landesamt für Umwelt Brandenburg
DE
Wilfried Heintz
originator
position: Data Manager
INRAE
Castanet-Tolosan
31326
FR
Telephone: +33561285516
email: wilfried.heintz@inrae.fr
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9244-9766
Frank Krumm
originator
position: Senior Researcher
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research
CH
Thibault Lachat
originator
position: Professor
Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences
CH
Laurent Larrieu
originator
position: Senior Researcher
INRAE
FR
Lenka Lehnerova
originator
position: Team Leader
Ústav pro hospodářskou úpravu lesů, Brandýs nad Labem
CZ
Martin Levin
originator
position: Forest Manager (Former Head)
City Forest of Göttingen
DE
Ulrich Mergner
originator
position: Forest Manager (Head)
Bavarian State Forest Enterprise Ebrach
DE
Maciej Pach
originator
position: Senior Researcher
Department of Silviculture, University of Agriculture
PL
Yoan Paillet
originator
position: Senior Researcher
INRAE
FR
Patrick Pyttel
originator
position: Assistant Professor (until 2019)
Chair of Silviculture, University of Freiburg
DE
Tomas Rydkvist
originator
position: Nature Conservation Specialist (retired)
SCA SKOG AB
SE
Giovanni Santopuoli
originator
position: Senior Researcher
Università degli Studi del Molise
IT
Kristina Sever
originator
position: Researcher
Slovenia Forestry Institute
SI
Knut Sturm
originator
position: Forest Manager (Head)
City Forest of Lübeck
DE
Kris Vandekerkhove
originator
position: Senior Researcher
Research Institute for Nature and Forest
BE
Susanne Winter
originator
position: Head Forest Division
WWF World Wide Fund for Nature Germany
DE
Manfred Witz
originator
position: Silviculture Trainer
Landesforsten Rheinland-Pfalz
DE
Martin Winnock
originator
position: Field Course Trainer
Inverde
BE
Matteo Marcandella
originator
position: Student (Forestry and Natural Environment Management)
Haute École Provinciale de Hainaut - Condorcet
BE
Isabelle Roth
originator
position: Deputy Director / Head Nature Conservation
Stiftung Wildnispark Zürich
CH
Armin Jakob
originator
position: Ref. 85 - Waldbau und Forsteinrichtung
Regierungspräsidium Freiburg
DE
Reiner Dickele
originator
position: Forest Manager
Forest District Kandern
DE
Gerhard Hofmann
originator
position: Forest Manager
Forest District Wachenroth
DE
Dirk Ruis-Eckhardt
originator
position: Forest Manager
City Forest Bensheim
DE
Stephan Boschen
originator
position: Forest Manager (Head)
Gut Hohenhaus – Gutsverwaltung
DE
Uwe Schölmerich
originator
position: Forest Manager (Head)
Wald und Holz NRW - State Forest Enterprise Rhein-Sieg-Erft
DE
Bertram Leder
originator
position: Director
Wald und Holz NRW – SP Waldbau und Forstvermehrungsgut; Lehr- und Versuchsforstamt Arnsberger Wald
DE
Martin Guericke
originator
position: Professor
Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development
DE
Hubert Merkel
originator
position: Professor
Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst - Fakultät Ressourcenmanagement
DE
Dagmar Löffler
originator
position: Forest Manager (Head)
HessenForst, Forstamt Wolfhagen
Stephan Schusser
originator
position: Forest Manager (Head)
Sachsenforst - Forest District Eibenstock
DE
Monika Runkel
originator
position: Forest Manager (Head)
WaldRLP - Forstamt Hachenburg Forstliches Bildungszentrum Rheinland Pfalz
DE
Alexandra Steinmetz
originator
position: Forstplanung - Forstliches Controlling
Saarforst Landesbetrieb
DE
Karl Heinz Marx
originator
position: Forest Manager (Head)
Forest District Tegel, Berlin
DE
Andre Mongelluzzi
originator
position: Expert - Initiative Future Forest Bavaria
Amt für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten Fürth
DE
Florian Wilshusen
originator
position: Forest Manager (Head)
Forest District Office Hofbieber
DE
Jean-Jacques Boutteaux
originator
position: Forest Manager (Head)
Unité territoriale d' Auberive
FR
Loic Duchamp
originator
position: Manager – Nature Reserves
Parc naturel régional des Vosges du Nord
FR
Nicolas Dericbourg
originator
position: Forest Manager
Office national des forêts
FR
Emmanuel Rouyer
originator
position: Forest Manager
Centre Regional Occitante (CNPF) / Centre National de la Propriete Forestiere (CRPF)
FR
Valeria Csikos
originator
position: Officer Directorate
Bükki Nemzeti Park Igazgatóság / Bukk National Park
HU
Ken Sweeny
originator
position: Silviculture Specialist
Coillte
IE
Daniel Steichen
originator
position: Forest Manager
Le Gouvernement du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, Ministère de l’Environnement, du Climat et du Développement durable - Administration de la nature et des forêts
LU
Michel Leytem
originator
position: Head of Forest District - South
Le Gouvernement du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, Ministère de l’Environnement, du Climat et du Développement durable - Administration de la nature et des forêts
LU
Stefan Konczal
originator
position: Forest Manager (Head)
General Directorate of the State Forests, Nadlesnictwo Woziwoda
PL
Krzysztof Stereńczak
originator
position: Deputy Director for Science and Research
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
PL
Marko Kazimirovic
originator
position: Researcher
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry
RS
Vladimír Šebeň
originator
position: Senior Researcher
National Forest Centre
SK
Teresa Baiges Zapater
originator
position: Senior Researcher
Centre de la Propietat Forestal - Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca i Alimentació
ES
Marieke van der Maaten-Theunissen
originator
position: Professor
Technische Universität Dresden
DE
Andreas Pommer
originator
position: Forest Manager
Sachsenforst - Forest District Eibenstock
DE
Thomas Nord-Larsen
originator
position: Professor
IGN, University of Copenhagen
DK
Marc Fuhr
originator
position: Senior Researcher
INRAE
FR
Luc-Olivier Delebeque
originator
position: Forest Manager
Centre Regional Occitante / Centre National de la Propriete Forestiere
FR
Lidón Martínez Navarro
originator
position: Researcher
Forest Conservation and Management Service, Castilla y Leó
ES
David Lasala
originator
position: Expert
Agresta S. Coop
ES
S.M. Waez-Mousavi
originator
position: Senior Researcher
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
IR
Kiomars Sefidi
originator
position: Professor
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
IR
Begoña Abellanas
originator
position: Professor
University of Cordoba
ES
Andreas Schuck
metadata author
position: Senior Researcher
European Forest Institute
DE
Telephone: +49 (0) 173 6293092
email: andreas.schuck@efi.int
homepage: http://www.efi.int
Wilfried Heintz
metadata author
position: Data Manager
INRAE
FR
Telephone: +335 61 28 55 16
email: wilfried.heintz@inrae.fr
homepage: https://dynafor.toulouse.inrae.fr/
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9244-9766
Sergey Zudin
metadata author
position: Senior Programmer
European Forest Institute
FI
Wilfried Heintz
programmer
position: Data manager
INRAE
UMR 1201 DYNAFOR 24 Chemin de Borde-Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627
Castanet-Tolosan
31326
FR
Telephone: +33 561 28 55 16
email: wilfried.heintz@inrae.fr
homepage: https://dynafor.toulouse.inrae.fr/
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9244-9766
Daniel Kraus
administrative point of contact
position: Forest Manager (Head of Department)
Bavarian State Forest Enterprise Neureichenau
DE
Telephone: +49 (0) 170 335 7838
email: daniel.kraus@baysf.de
Andreas Schuck
administrative point of contact
position: Senior Researcher (Main contact TreMs DB)
European Forest Institute (EFI)
DE
Telephone: +49 (0) 173 629 3092
email: andreas.schuck@efi.int
homepage: http://www.efi.int
Laurent Larrieu
administrative point of contact
position: Senior researcher
INRAE
FR
email: laurent.larrieu@inrae.fr
Sergey Zudin
administrative point of contact
position: Senior Programmer
European Forest Institute
FI
email: sergey.zudin@efi.int
homepage: http://www.efi.int