Five new extinct species of rails (Aves: Gruiformes: Rallidae) from the Macaronesian Islands (North Atlantic Ocean)

FIGURE 17. Tarsometatarsi of Rallus spp. A, Rallus lowei n. sp., MMF 43419, R tarsometatarsus (paratype). B, Rallus adolfocaesaris n. sp., MMF 43445, R tarsometatarsus (paratype). C, Rallus carvaoensis n. sp., IMEDEA 104068, R tarsometatarsus. D, Rallus montivagorum n. sp., MCMa 1949.014, R tarsometatarsus. E, Rallus minutus n. sp., MCMa 1951.014, R tarsometatarsus. F, Rallus aquaticus IMEDEA 12474, R tarsometatarsus. 1, dorsal view. 2, plantar view. Scale bar: 2 cm.

FIGURE 22. PCA plot for the two principal components obtained from wing (humerus, ulna and carpometacarpus) and leg bone (femur, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus) proportions of extinct (circles) and extant (squares) rails. Data from Table 2.