Eriococcidae
- Dataset
- A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males
- Rank
- FAMILY
Classification
- kingdom
- Animalia
- phylum
- Arthropoda
- class
- Insecta
- order
- Hemiptera
- family
- Eriococcidae
discussion
Introduction. This group includes a wide variety of genera all of which lack hamulohalteres and most lack alar setae (present on Choneochiton) but do have postmesospiracular setae. All have the campaniform sensilla on each trochanter more or less in a line. Almost all of these genera are gall-inducing and have various structural modifications to allow access to the female for mating, such as very elongate abdomens. The genera considered to belong to this group for which the males are known are: Callococcus Ferris; Calycicoccus Brain; Capulinia Signoret; Carpochloroides Cockerell; Choneochiton Hodgson; Cystococcus Fuller; Dromedaricoccus Hodgson & Miller; Eriogallococcus Hodgson & Magalhãaes; Lachnodius Maskell; Tanyscelis Hardy & Gullan; Pseudomontanococcus Kozár & Hodgson; Pseudotectococcus Hempel; Stibococcus Miller & González and Tectococcus Hempel. Of these, Calycicoccus merwei Brain is the only indigenous eriococcid known from Africa, Choneochiton is restricted to New Caledonia, and Capulinia, Dromedaricoccus, Eriogallococcus, Pseudotectococcus and Tectococcus are all from South America; the remainder are restricted to Australia. A key for separation of the known males of South American genera can be found in Hodgson and Miller (2010). A key to the adult males of all of the genera in this group is provided below. Group diagnosis based on macropterous adult male morphology of Callococcus, Calycicoccus, Capulinia, Carpochloroides, Choneochiton, Cystococcus, Dromedaricoccus, Eriogallococcus, Lachnodius, Lobimargo, Pseudotectococcus, Stibococcus, Tanyscelis and Tectococcus species. Body often attenuated with abdomen generally narrowing posteriorly; body setae generally all hs, occasionally some stoutly fs (Callococcus, Lobimargo and Pseudotectococcus); loculate pores only present in glandular pouches. Head: simple pores sometimes present on head; ocular sclerite with few or no reticulations; simple eyes often quite large; preocular ridge well developed, with both anterior and posterior arms; interocular ridge absent; genal setae usually present (absent on Lachnodius); postoccipital ridge well developed, usually with both anterior and posterior arms; number of antennal segments often reduced, ranging from 4 – 10 segments; capitate setae generally present on antennal segments in addition to those on apical segment (exceptions Callococcus, Lobimargo and Tectococcus); flagellar segments with both hs and fs, latter generally barely differentiated from hs but quite long. Thorax: prescutum usually with prescutal setae; scutal setae present laterally; scutellum with scutellar setae; postemesospiracular setae present and often abundant (few in Cystococcus); metasternum usually with few setae; metaprecoxal ridge absent; postmetaspiracular setae usually present, often abundant; hamulohalteres absent; alar setae absent (present on Choneochiton and Tectococcus); alar sensoria absent; trochanter with campaniform sensoria in a line on each side; fs present or absent on legs; tibia with 2 + spurs; tarsi mainly 2 segmented; claw digitules capitate; claw with a denticle. Abdomen: tergites and sternites usually poorly sclerotised or unsclerotised; fs absent or almost indistinguishable from hs (except Callococcus, Lobimargo and Pseudotectococcus); caudal extensions occasionally present; glandular pouches on segment VIII present or absent; abdominal segment IX distinct but fused to style; anus usually distinct in centre of segment IX; penial sheath with most setae quite long; style becoming sharply pointed apically and generally about twice as long as basal width. In addition to the genera diagnosed above, Pseudomontanococcus martini Kozár & Konczné Benedicty also belongs to this group but is apterous.