Lista de árboles y arbustos del Bosque tropical seco del valle alto del río Magdalena, Colombia

Study Extent

Se seleccionaron 12 parches de bosque por su tamaño, accesibilidad y autorización para realizar el estudio por parte de los propietarios. Seis parches se localizaron al norte de la zona de estudio (Cundinamarca y Tolima) y seis en la zona sur (Huila).

Sampling

Los muestreos se realizaron durante la época seca (septiembre) y la época de lluvias (diciembre) en 2014. En cada uno de los bosques se realizaron recorridos de reconocimiento de la vegetación presente y se identificaron las principales amenazas y rutas de acceso a los puntos de muestro seleccionados. Durante las dos salidas de campo se recolectó la mayor cantidad de individuos fértiles para facilitar y hacer más fiables las determinaciones

Quality Control

Todo el material fue procesado siguiendo los procedimientos estandarizados para herbarios descritos por (Bridson y Forman 1998). El proceso de determinación del material vegetal y análisis de datos, con la ayuda de claves, textos (Gentry 1996, Mabberley 1987, Vargas 2002, Floras de Colombia y Flora Neotropica), páginas web (herbarios virtuales COL, UDBC y Trópicos) documentos con descripciones botánicas originales. Los nombres científicos y toda la validación taxonómica se manejaron siguiendo los estándares de The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org) y APGIII (http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/).

Method steps

1. En cada uno de los sitios de estudio se establecieron 10 transectos tipo Gentry (50x2 m) separados entre sí al menos 7.5 m con el fin de abarcar la mayor diversidad. Según los criterios de Font Quer (1982) se reconocieron dos formas de vida: arbusto (individuo leñoso de menos de 5 m de altura que se ramifica desde la base de 1,5 a 4,9 m) y árbol, (individuo leñosos que presentaban fuste de ≥ 5 m de altura. A todos los individuos enraizados dentro del transecto y que tuvieran ≥ 1cm de DAP se les midió el DAP, la altura y se identificaron en lo posible a especie. Para las descripciones de cada especie se tomaron datos en agenda de campo de nombre común, forma de crecimiento, caracteríticas vegetativas y reproductivas de aroma, color, exudado, indumento, glándulas y su respectivo registró fotográfico. La curaduría del material implico su embalaje en campo (bolsas plásticas para fácil manejo) y su posterior prensado con papel periódico y alcoholizado; las flores recolectadas fueron almacenadas en frascos con glicerina. Los datos de campo se digitaron en una matriz de Excel. Los registros se guardaron en el formato Darwin Core y con ayuda del equipo asesor del SiB Colombia se creó y se publicó el recurso.

Se identificaron 2 clases, 21 órdenes, 49 familias, 140 géneros y 218 especies de árboles y arbustos.

1. Plantae
   rank: kingdom
2. Mafnoliophyta
   rank: phylum
3. Magnoliopsida
   rank: class
4. Liliopsida
   rank: class
5. Arecales
   rank: order
6. Asterales
   rank: order
7. Brassicales
   rank: order
8. Caryophyllales
   rank: order
9. Celastrales
   rank: order
10. Dipsicales
    rank: order
11. Ericales
    rank: order
12. Fabales
    rank: order
13. Gentianales
    rank: order
14. Lamiales
    rank: order
15. Laurales
    rank: order
16. Magnoliales
    rank: order
17. Malpighiales
    rank: order
18. Malvales
    rank: order
19. Myrtales
    rank: order
20. Picramniales
    rank: order
21. Piperales
    rank: order
22. Rosales
    rank: order
23. Sapindales
    rank: order
24. Scrophulariales
    rank: order
25. Solanales
    rank: order
26. Acantheaceae
    rank: family
27. Achatocarpaceae
    rank: family
28. Anacardiaceae
    rank: family
29. Annonaceae
    rank: family
30. Apocynaceae
    rank: family
31. Arecaceae
    rank: family
32. Asteraceae
    rank: family
33. Bignoniaceae
    rank: family
34. Bombacaceae
    rank: family
35. Boraginaceae
    rank: family
36. Burseraceae
    rank: family
37. Cactaceae
    rank: family
38. Cannabaceae
    rank: family
39. Capparaceae
    rank: family
40. Capprifoliaceae
    rank: family
41. Celastraceae
    rank: family
42. Chrysobalanaceae
    rank: family
43. Clusiaceae
    rank: family
44. Convolvulaceae
    rank: family
45. Erythroxylaceae
    rank: family
46. Euphorbiaceae
    rank: family
47. Lauraceae
    rank: family
48. Lecythidaceae
    rank: family
49. Leguminosae
    rank: family
50. Malpighiaceae
    rank: family
51. Malvaceae
    rank: family
52. Melastomataceae
    rank: family
53. Meliaceae
    rank: family
54. Moraceae
    rank: family
55. Myrsinaceae
    rank: family
56. Myrtaceae
    rank: family
57. Nyctaginaceae
    rank: family
58. Ochnaceae
    rank: family
59. Phytolaccaceae
    rank: family
60. Picramniaceae
    rank: family
61. Piperaceae
    rank: family
62. Polygalaceae
    rank: family
63. Polygonaceae
    rank: family
64. Primulaceae
    rank: family
65. Rhamnaceae
    rank: family
66. Rubiaceae
    rank: family
67. Rutaceae
    rank: family
68. Salicaceae
    rank: family
69. Sapindaceae
    rank: family
70. Sapotaceae
    rank: family
71. Solanaceae
    rank: family
72. Sterculiaceae
    rank: family
73. Ulmaceae
    rank: family
74. Verbenaceae
    rank: family
75. Acacia
    rank: genus
76. Acalypha
    rank: genus
77. Acanthocerus
    rank: genus
78. Achatocarpus
    rank: genus
79. Adenocalymma
    rank: genus
80. aff. Colubrina
    rank: genus
81. aff. Pouteria
    rank: genus
82. Albizia
    rank: genus
83. Ampelocera
    rank: genus
84. Amyris
    rank: genus
85. Anacardium
    rank: genus
86. Annona
    rank: genus
87. Apeiba
    rank: genus
88. Aphelandra
    rank: genus
89. Ardisia
    rank: genus
90. Aspidosperma
    rank: genus
91. Astronium
    rank: genus
92. Bactris
    rank: genus
93. Banisteriopsis
    rank: genus
94. Bauhinia
    rank: genus
95. Beilschmiedia
    rank: genus
96. Brownea
    rank: genus
97. Bunchosia
    rank: genus
98. Bursera
    rank: genus
99. Byttneria
    rank: genus
100. Calliandria
     rank: genus
101. Capparis
     rank: genus
102. Casearia
     rank: genus
103. Celtis
     rank: genus
104. Cereus
     rank: genus
105. Cestrum
     rank: genus
106. cf. Chomelia
     rank: genus
107. cf. Eugenia
     rank: genus
108. cf. Matayba
     rank: genus
109. cf. Myricia
     rank: genus
110. cf. Senegalia
     rank: genus
111. Chiococca
     rank: genus
112. Chloroleucon
     rank: genus
113. Chrisochlamys
     rank: genus
114. Cinchona
     rank: genus
115. Cinnamomum
     rank: genus
116. Citharexylum
     rank: genus
117. Clusia
     rank: genus
118. Coccoloba
     rank: genus
119. Cordia
     rank: genus
120. Couratea
     rank: genus
121. Croton
     rank: genus
122. Cupania
     rank: genus
123. Cynophalla
     rank: genus
124. Erythrina
     rank: genus
125. Erythroxylum
     rank: genus
126. Esenbeckia
     rank: genus
127. Eugenia
     rank: genus
128. Faramea
     rank: genus
129. Forsterionia
     rank: genus
130. Garcinia
     rank: genus
131. Genipa
     rank: genus
132. Guapira
     rank: genus
133. Guatteria
     rank: genus
134. Guazuma
     rank: genus
135. Gettarda
     rank: genus
136. Gustavia
     rank: genus
137. Handroanthus
     rank: genus
138. Helianthostilys
     rank: genus
139. Helicostylis
     rank: genus
140. Helicteres
     rank: genus
141. Herrania
     rank: genus
142. Hiraea
     rank: genus
143. Hirtella
     rank: genus
144. Inga
     rank: genus
145. Jacaranda
     rank: genus
146. Laetia
     rank: genus
147. Lunania
     rank: genus
148. Machaerium
     rank: genus
149. Machaonia
     rank: genus
150. Maclura
     rank: genus
151. Malpighia
     rank: genus
152. Malvaceae
     rank: genus
153. Manihot
     rank: genus
154. Maripa
     rank: genus
155. Marsdenia
     rank: genus
156. Matayba
     rank: genus
157. Memora
     rank: genus
158. Miconia
     rank: genus
159. Morisonia
     rank: genus
160. Mouriri
     rank: genus
161. Mussatia
     rank: genus
162. Myrcia
     rank: genus
163. Neea
     rank: genus
164. Ocotea
     rank: genus
165. Onoseris
     rank: genus
166. Ouratea
     rank: genus
167. Oxandra
     rank: genus
168. Paullinia
     rank: genus
169. Petrea
     rank: genus
170. Picramnia
     rank: genus
171. Piper
     rank: genus
172. Piptocoma
     rank: genus
173. Pisonia
     rank: genus
174. Pithecellobium
     rank: genus
175. Platymiscium
     rank: genus
176. Pleonotoma
     rank: genus
177. Posoqueria
     rank: genus
178. Pouteria
     rank: genus
179. Pradosia
     rank: genus
180. Prosopis
     rank: genus
181. Protium
     rank: genus
182. Pseudobombax
     rank: genus
183. Pseudolmedia
     rank: genus
184. Psidium
     rank: genus
185. Psychotria
     rank: genus
186. Quadrella
     rank: genus
187. Raimondia
     rank: genus
188. Randia
     rank: genus
189. Rollinia
     rank: genus
190. Rondeletia
     rank: genus
191. Ruprechtia
     rank: genus
192. Sapium
     rank: genus
193. Schaefferia
     rank: genus
194. Schnella
     rank: genus
195. Securidaca
     rank: genus
196. Senegalia
     rank: genus
197. Sideroxylon
     rank: genus
198. Simila
     rank: genus
199. Solanum
     rank: genus
200. Sorocea
     rank: genus
201. Spondias
     rank: genus
202. Stemmadenia
     rank: genus
203. Stenocerus
     rank: genus
204. Swartzia
     rank: genus
205. Tabebuia
     rank: genus
206. Talisia
     rank: genus
207. Trichilia
     rank: genus
208. Triplaris
     rank: genus
209. Triumfetta
     rank: genus
210. Trophis
     rank: genus
211. Valeriana
     rank: genus
212. Zanthoxylum
     rank: genus
213. Zygia
     rank: genus
214. Acacia farnesiana (L) Willd.
     rank: species
215. Acacia polyphylla DC.
     rank: species
216. Acacia tortuosa (L) Willd
     rank: species
217. Acalypha diversifolia Jacq
     rank: species
218. Acanthocereus cf. tetragonus (L) Hummelinck
     rank: species
219. Achatocarpus nigricans Triana
     rank: species
220. Adenocalymma patulum (Miers) L.G Lohmann
     rank: species
221. aff. Colubrina sp
     rank: species
222. aff. Pouteria sp.
     rank: species
223. Albizia guachapele (Kunt) Dugand
     rank: species
224. Amyris pinnata Kunth
     rank: species
225. Amyris sylvatica Jacq
     rank: species
226. Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels
     rank: species
227. Annona sp
     rank: species
228. Apeiba cf. glabra Aubl.
     rank: species
229. Aphelandra glabrata Willd. ex Nees
     rank: species
230. Ardisia foetida Willd. ex Roem & Schult
     rank: species
231. Ardisia sp
     rank: species
232. Aspidosperma cf. desmanthum Benth ex Mull. Arg
     rank: species
233. Aspidosperma cuspa (Kunth) S.F Blake ex Pittier
     rank: species
234. Aspidosperma polyneuron Mull. Arg
     rank: species
235. Astronium graveolens Jacq.
     rank: species
236. Astronium sp
     rank: species
237. Bactris cf. Major Jacq.
     rank: species
238. Bactris pilosa H. Karst
     rank: species
239. Banisteriopsis sp
     rank: species
240. Bauhinia quianensis Aubi
     rank: species
241. Bauhinia sp
     rank: species
242. Beilschmiedia sulcata (Ruiz & Pav.) Kosterm
     rank: species
243. Brownea ariza Benth.
     rank: species
244. Bunchosia aff. Pseudonitida Cuatrec
     rank: species
245. Bunchosia pseudonitida Cuatrec.
     rank: species
246. Bunchosia sp
     rank: species
247. Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg
     rank: species
248. Bursera tomentosa (Jacq) Triana& Planch
     rank: species
249. Bursera sp
     rank: species
250. Byttneria aculeata (Jacq) Jacq
     rank: species
251. Calliandra aff. magdalenae (DC) Benth
     rank: species
252. Calliandra riparia Pittier
     rank: species
253. Capparis cf. Baducca L.
     rank: species
254. Capparis dentosa Triana & Planch
     rank: species
255. Capparis frondosa Jacq.
     rank: species
256. Capparis garciae Dugand
     rank: phylum
257. Capparis sp
     rank: species
258. Casearia aff. sylvestris Sw
     rank: species
259. Casearia corymbosa Kunth
     rank: species
260. Casearia sp
     rank: species
261. Casearia sp 2
     rank: species
262. Casearia tremula (Griseb) Griseb ex C. Wright
     rank: species
263. Celtis trinervia Lam
     rank: species
264. Cereus cf. hexagonus (L) Mill
     rank: species
265. Cestrum mutisii Wild. ex Ruem.& Schult.
     rank: species
266. Cestrum sp
     rank: species
267. cf. Chomelia spinosa Jacq
     rank: species
268. cf. Eugenia sp.
     rank: species
269. cf. Hiraea sp.
     rank: species
270. cf. Myrcia sp.
     rank: species
271. cf. Senegalia sp.
     rank: species
272. Chinchona sp
     rank: species
273. Chiococca alba (L) Hitchc.
     rank: species
274. Chloroleucon cf. mangense (Jacq) Britton& Rose
     rank: species
275. Chrysochlamys sp
     rank: species
276. Cinchona sp
     rank: species
277. Cinnamomun aff. triplinerve (Ruiz& Pav.) Kosterm
     rank: species
278. Citharexylum sulcatum Moldenke
     rank: species
279. Clusia scomburgkiana (Planch.& Triana) Benth. ex Engl.
     rank: species
280. Coccoloba obovata Kunth
     rank: species
281. Cordia bifurcata Roem.& Schult
     rank: species
282. Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken
     rank: species
283. Cordia dentata Poir
     rank: species
284. Cordia Macrocephala (Desv) Kunth
     rank: species
285. Cordia sp
     rank: species
286. Coutarea hexandra (Jacq) K Schum
     rank: species
287. Croton argyrophyllus Kunth
     rank: species
288. Croton caracasanus Pittier
     rank: species
289. Croton cf. fragrans Kunth
     rank: species
290. Croton ferrugineus Kunth
     rank: species
291. Croton fragrans Kunth
     rank: species
292. Croton glabellus L.
     rank: species
293. Croton leptostachyus Kunth
     rank: species
294. Croton schiedeanus Schltdl.
     rank: species
295. Croton sp
     rank: species
296. Croton sp 2
     rank: species
297. Cupania latifolia Kunth
     rank: species
298. Cupania papillosa Radlk
     rank: species
299. Cupania sp
     rank: species
300. Cynophalla flexuosa (L.) J. Presl
     rank: species
301. Erythrina sp
     rank: species
302. Erythroxylum cassinoides Planch& Linden ex Triana & Planch
     rank: species
303. Erythroxylum hondense Kunth
     rank: species
304. Erythroxylum macrophyllum Cav.
     rank: species
305. Erythroxylum ulei O.E Schulz
     rank: species
306. Esenbeckia sp
     rank: species
307. Eugenia aff. procera (Sw) Poir.
     rank: species
308. Eugenia procera (Sw.) Poir.
     rank: species
309. Eugenia sp
     rank: species
310. Famarea cf. capillipes Mull. Arg
     rank: species
311. Forsteronia sp
     rank: species
312. Garcinia madruno (Kunth) Hammel
     rank: species
313. Genipa americana L.
     rank: species
314. Guapira cf. castaricana (Standl.) Woodson
     rank: species
315. Guapira costaricana (Standl.) Woodson
     rank: species
316. Guapira pubescens (Kunth) Lundell
     rank: species
317. Guatteria cf. cestrifolia Triana & Planch
     rank: species
318. Guatteria sp 1
     rank: species
319. Guatteria sp 2
     rank: species
320. Guazuma ulmifolia Lam
     rank: species
321. Guettarda malacophylla Standl
     rank: species
322. Gustavia aff. santanderiensis R. Knuth
     rank: species
323. Gustavia santanderiensis R. Knuth
     rank: species
324. Gustavia verticillata Miers
     rank: species
325. Handroanthus cf. Chysanthus (Jacq.) S.O Grose
     rank: species
326. Helianthostylis sprucei Baill
     rank: species
327. Helicostylis sp
     rank: species
328. Helicteres baruensis Jacq.
     rank: species
329. Herrania laciniifolia Goudot
     rank: species
330. Hiraea sp
     rank: species
331. Hirtella aff. americana L.
     rank: species
332. Inga aff. densiflora Benth
     rank: species
333. Jacaranda caucana Pittier
     rank: species
334. Jatropha gossypiifolia L.
     rank: species
335. Laetia aff. americana L
     rank: species
336. Leguminosae sp1
     rank: species
337. Lunania parviflora Spruce ex Benth
     rank: species
338. Machaerium capote Triana ex Dugand
     rank: species
339. Machaerium cf. capote Dugand
     rank: species
340. Machaerium goudoti Benth.
     rank: species
341. Machaerium microphyllum (E.Mey.) Standl
     rank: species
342. Machaerium sp
     rank: species
343. Machaeruim capote (Triana) ex Dugand
     rank: species
344. Machaonia acuminata Bonpl.
     rank: species
345. Maclura tinctoria (L.) D.Don ex Steud.
     rank: species
346. Malpighia glabra L.
     rank: species
347. Manihot carthagenensis (Jacq.) Mull. Arg
     rank: species
348. Maripa cf
     rank: genus
349. Marsdenia xerohylica Dugand
     rank: species
350. Matayba sp
     rank: species
351. Memora patula Miers
     rank: species
352. Miconia aff. spicellata Bonpl. ex Naudin
     rank: species
353. Morisonia americana L.
     rank: species
354. Mouriri aff. Colombiana Morley
     rank: species
355. Mussatia sp
     rank: species
356. Myrcia sp
     rank: species
357. Myrcia sp1
     rank: species
358. Neea divaricata Poepp & Endi
     rank: species
359. Neea sp
     rank: species
360. Ocotea cf. veranguensis (Meisn.) Mez
     rank: species
361. Onoseris purpurea (L. f.) S.F. Blake
     rank: species
362. Ouratea sp.
     rank: species
363. Oxandra espintana (Spruce ex Benth) Baill
     rank: species
364. Oxandra venezuelana R.E.Fr
     rank: species
365. Paulinia densiflora Sm
     rank: species
366. Paullinia nitida Kunth
     rank: species
367. Petrea rugosa Kunth
     rank: species
368. Petrea cf. rugosa Kunth
     rank: species
369. Picramnia aff. sphaerocarpa Planch
     rank: species
370. Piper aff. marginatum Jacq
     rank: species
371. Piptocoma aff. Discolor (Kunth) Prusky
     rank: species
372. Pisonia aculeata L.
     rank: species
373. Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth
     rank: species
374. Pithecellobium lanceolatum Benth
     rank: species
375. Platymiscium cf. hebestachyum Benth
     rank: species
376. Platymiscium hebestachyum Benth
     rank: species
377. Platymiscium pinnatum (Jacq.) Dugand
     rank: species
378. Pleonotoma variabilis (Jacq.) Miers
     rank: species
379. Posoqueria cf. latifolia (Rudge) Shult
     rank: species
380. Pouteria sp1
     rank: species
381. Pradosia aff. colombiana (Standl.) T.D Penn. ex T. J Ayers& Boufford
     rank: species
382. Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.
     rank: species
383. Protium aff. Sagotianum Marchand
     rank: species
384. Protium sp1
     rank: species
385. Pseudobombax septenatum (Jacq.) Dugand
     rank: species
386. Pseudolmedia laevis (Ruiz& Pav) J. F. Macbr
     rank: species
387. Psidium guineense Sw.
     rank: species
388. Psychotria aff. carthagenensis Jacq
     rank: species
389. Psychotria cf. micrantha Kunth
     rank: species
390. Quadrella odoratissima (Jacq.) Hutch
     rank: species
391. Raimondia sp
     rank: species
392. Randia aculeata L.
     rank: species
393. Randia armata (Sw.) DC.
     rank: species
394. Randia calycina Cham.
     rank: species
395. Randia sp
     rank: species
396. Rollinia aff. edulis Planch & Triana
     rank: species
397. Rollinia sp
     rank: species
398. Rollinia sp1
     rank: species
399. Rondeletia pubescens Kunth
     rank: species
400. Ruprechtia ramiflora (Jacq) C.A Mey
     rank: species
401. Solanum arboreum Dunal
     rank: species
402. Solanum sp
     rank: species
403. Sorocea affinis Hemsl.
     rank: species
404. Spondias aff. radlkoferi Donn. Sm
     rank: species
405. Stemmadenia grandiflora (Jacq.) Miers
     rank: species
406. Stenocereus griseus (Haw.) Buxb
     rank: species
407. Swartizia trianae Benth
     rank: species
408. Swartzia simplex (Sw) Spreng
     rank: species
409. Swartzia sp
     rank: species
410. Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) G.Nicholson
     rank: species
411. Tabebuia ochracea (Cham) Standl.
     rank: species
412. Tabebuia sp
     rank: species
413. Talisia stricta (H. Karst & Triana) Triana & Planch.
     rank: species
414. Trichilia acuminata (Humb& Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult) C. DC
     rank: species
415. Trichilia aff. elegans A. Juss
     rank: species
416. Trichilia aff. Pallida Sw
     rank: species
417. Trichilia oligofoliolata Morales-P
     rank: species
418. Trichilia pallida Sw.
     rank: species
419. Triplaris americana L.
     rank: species
420. Triumfetta acuminata Kunth
     rank: species
421. Trophis sp
     rank: species
422. Valeriana sp
     rank: species
423. Zanthoxylum cf. rigidum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd
     rank: species
424. Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg.
     rank: species
425. Zanthoxylum quinduense Tul.
     rank: species
426. Zanthuxylum rigidum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
     rank: species
427. Zanthoxylum sp
     rank: species
428. Zanthoxylum sp1
     rank: species
429. Zygia inaequalis (Willd.) Pittier
     rank: species
430. Securidaca sp
     rank: species
431. Ampelocera sp
     rank: species

La cuenca alta del río Magdalena se encuentra localizada en la parte sur-occidental del país, entre las cordilleras Central y Oriental y tiene como eje geográfico el valle del río Magdalena. Esta zona comprende los departamentos de Cundinamarca, Tolima y Huila. Cobertura de bosque tropical seco.