Euura proxima (Serville 1823)
- Dataset
- North European gall-inducing Euura sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae)
- Rank
- SPECIES
Classification
- kingdom
- Animalia
- phylum
- Arthropoda
- class
- Insecta
- order
- Hymenoptera
- family
- Tenthredinidae
- genus
- Euura
- species
- Euura proxima
description
Notes on types and taxonomy. N. vallisnierii. The lectotype and paralectotypes were labelled as such by Kopelke in 1990, but the designation was not published. Lectotype, ♀, hereby designated, ZSM; labels " Cotype " [red], " Nematus vallisnierii Htg. Th. Hartig det. ", " Pontania capreae L. E. Clément det. ", " Pontania proxima Lep. ♀ Conde det. ", " GBIF-GISHym 3454 ", " Lectotypus N. vallisnierii Htg. 1837 det. Kopelke 1990 ", " Pontania ♀ proxima (Lep.) Kopelke det. 1990 ", " Lectotype ♀ Nematus vallisnierii Hartig, 1837 des. Liston 2016 ". 6 ♀ paralectotypes, labels similar to lectotype, ZSM. See below, under E. triandrae, for discussion of taxonomic status. Variability. Female: Body length: 2.9 – 4.6 mm. Lateral vertex with obscure brown fleck, to black. Male: 3.2 mm [only one specimen examined]. Total number of specimens examined: 28. Genetic data. Insufficient data is available. Good quality COI barcode sequences are available only for two specimens. Their nearest neighbour, differing by about 2.1 %, is the sequence of a single E. triandrae. All specimens are from Finland. Similar species. Morphologically not clearly distinguishable from E. triandrae. Bionomics. Host plants: Salix alba, S. × fragilis, S. × rubens, S. babylonica (Kopelke 2005; a rarely used host, or misidentified, according to Zinovjev 1999), S. blanda (Halstead 2001), Salix × meyeriana (= Salix pentandra × euxina), S. euxina (Zinovjev 2011), S. fragilis × pentandra (Mol 2013), S. excelsa (Özay 1997). According to Zinovjev (1999: Table 5), rare records (e. g. Conde 1938) of proxima group galls from S. pentandra are probably attributable to E. proxima, because this willow belongs in the subgenus Salix, like the other host species of E. proxima, whereas E. bridgmanii is restricted to hosts of subgenus Vetrix. Biology: Al-Saffar & Aldrich (1997), Carleton (1939), Higton (1991), Ivanova-Kasas (1959), Kehl et al. (2010), Kehl & Rambold (2010), Kopelke (1985), Niklas (1955), Slepian & Gabaraeva (1976, 1978, 1981), Slepian & Gurevich (1976). Parthenogenetic species with very rare males (Benson 1958, Kopelke 1999).
distribution
Distribution. South, Central and North Europe (Taeger et al. 2006), north to southern Finland (Kangas 1985), Caucasus (Muche 1973), Yakutia (Popov 2011). Introduced to N. America, Australia and New Zealand (Muggeridge 1931, Benson 1962, Schmidt & Smith 2009). Occurrence in Sweden: published records; Skåne, Öland (Wahlgren 1951), Gotland, Närke (Haris 2009), Västergötland (Lundberg 1963, 1966), Uppland (Wahlgren 1951), Dalarna, Ångermanland (Coulianos & Holmåsen 1991). Material examined: Skåne.