Microorganisms in frost flowers on young Arctic sea ice, comparison between different ice types
Citation
Barber D, Ehn J, Pucko M, Rysgaard S, Deming J, Bowman J, Papakyriakou T, Galley R, Sogaard D, Sweetlove M (2019). Microorganisms in frost flowers on young Arctic sea ice, comparison between different ice types. SCAR - Microbial Antarctic Resource System. Metadata dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/au02yt accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-08-18.Description
Amplicon sequencing dataset (454 pyrosequencing) of Bacteria in different types of young sea ice and sea ice brines in the Arctic ocean (North-East coast of Greenland)Sampling Description
Study Extent
The thin‐ice station, POLY I (74°13.905′N, 20°07.701′W, 29–30 cm thick on 22 March, snow covered with varying thickness), was situated in a recurrent winter polynya region about 3 km off the landfast ice edge.Sampling
Frost flowers for microbial analyses were removed from the pond site into sterile 1 L plastic bags using an ethanol‐rinsed spatula. A second scraping over the same surface area yielded the corresponding, operationally defined brine skim, i.e., the surface slush layer. Samples of sea ice were also collected, as described above, along with the samples of seawater and snow from the surrounding area. Samples of frost flowers, the underlying surface slush layer, and snow were melted directly over the shortest possible period (always <12 h, with sample temperature remaining at ≤0°C), while sea ice samples were melted into sterile 0.2 µm filtered brine according to the isohaline approach described by Ewert et al. [2013].Method steps
- An area of ~2.5 × 7 m was opened near POLY I at 16:00 geomagnetic time (GMT) on 22 March to expose the ocean to the atmosphere (hereinafter referred to as the “pond” site). The opening of the pond was done using a handheld ice saw by cutting smaller segments that then were pushed to the side underneath the ice cover. A time‐lapse camera was installed at the pond site to document the development of frost flowers as the ice formed in situ. Half of the pond was reopened on 24 March at 15:00 GMT, i.e., after about 47 h of the initial pond opening. At this time, the initial ice was ~12 cm thick. The recurrent polynya at this location will occur as open water (as evidenced by satellite imagery just prior to our arrival) or with a young ice cover (like we experienced); frost flowers are known to occur regularly on this polynya ice.
- DNA was extracted from the different sample types for amplification and sequencing of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene using the phenol‐chloroform method, as in Bowman et al. (2013). One patch of frost flowers was sampled to obtain the upper centimeter portions separately from the basal portions. The V3–V5 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified using primers 357F and 926R for 30 cycles. An aliquot of the amplified material, along with positive and negative controls, was visualized on a gel to insure proper fragment length. Amplicons were purified using the GeneJet Purification Kit (Fermentas) and submitted to the Tufts University Sequencing Center, where amplicons underwent a second round amplification for 10 cycles using barcoded primers 517F and 967R. Second round amplicons were gel purified prior to library construction. Sequencing was conducted on the 454 FLX platform (Roche) using titanium chemistry.
Taxonomic Coverages
Bacteria were profiled by targeting the 16S ssu rRNA gene (v3-v5 region)
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Bacteriacommon name: Bacteria rank: domain
Geographic Coverages
Young Sound, North-East Greenland
Bibliographic Citations
- Barber, D. G., Ehn, J. K., Pućko, M., Rysgaard, S., Deming, J. W., Bowman, J. S., ... & Søgaard, D. H. (2014). Frost flowers on young Arctic sea ice: The climatic, chemical, and microbial significance of an emerging ice type. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 119(20), 11-593. - https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021736
Contacts
David Barberoriginator
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg
CA
J.K. Ehn
originator
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg
CA
M. Pucko
originator
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg
CA
S. Rysgaard
originator
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg
CA
J.W. Deming
originator
University of Washington
Seattle
US
J.S. Bowman
originator
University of Washington
Seattle
US
T. Papakyriakou
originator
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg
CA
R.J. Galley
originator
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg
CA
D.H. Sogaard
originator
Greenland Institute of Natural Resources
Nuuk
GL
Maxime Sweetlove
metadata author
position: Research assistent
Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences
Rue Vautier 29
Brussels
1000
BE
email: msweetlove@naturalsciences.be
David Barber
administrative point of contact
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg
CA