Dung Beetles of the Western Palaearctic
Citation
Milotic T, Baltzinger C, Eichberg C, Eycott A, Heurich M, Müller J, Noriega J, Menendez R, Stadler J, Ádám R, Bargmann T, Bilger I, Buse J, Calatayud J, Ciubuc C, Boros G, Jay-Robert P, Kruus M, Merivee E, Miessen G, Must A, Ardali E, Preda E, Rahimi I, Rohwedder D, Slade E, Somay L, Tahmasebi P, Ziani S, Brosens D, Desmet P, Hoffmann M (2017). Dung Beetles of the Western Palaearctic. Version 1.3. Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO). Sampling event dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/zbazdy accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-08-25.Description
The dataset aggregates the results from a pan-European multi-site experiment, financially supported by the ALTER-Net consortium, Europe’s Ecosystem Research Network. In this multi-site experiment, the impact of dung beetle assemblages on dung decomposition and secondary seed dispersal was studied. Working at a multi-site level allowed us to study the link between ecosystem functions of dung removal and secondary seed dispersal, and dung beetle diversity and abundance in a broad range of bioclimatic zones. Therefore, grazed grasslands throughout the Western Palaearctic zone were included in the experiment. By experimentally manipulating the access of certain dung beetle functional groups to the experimental units, we were able to estimate the value of each functional group for ecosystem functioning and assess the impact of predicted climate change on these processes through the changes it induces in dung beetle assemblage composition. During the experiments, the removal of different types of dung and seeds were measured and the dung beetle assemblage composition was determined using different types of dung as bait. The experiments took place between 2013 and 2016, at 17 study sites in 10 countries within the Western Palaearctic realm. The dung beetle occurrence data set contains all dung beetle specimens sampled during the 4-week experimental periods at each sampling site. To allow anyone to use this dataset, we have released the data to the public domain under a Creative Commons Zero waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). We would appreciate however, if you read and follow these norms for data use (http://www.inbo.be/en/norms-for-data-use) and provide a link to the original dataset (https://doi.org/10.15468/zbazdy) whenever possible. If you use these data for a scientific paper, please cite the dataset following the applicable citation norms and/or consider us for co-authorship. We are always interested to know how you have used or visualized the data, or to provide more information, so please contact us via the contact information provided in the metadata, opendata@inbo.be or https://twitter.com/LifeWatchINBO.Sampling Description
Study Extent
The multi-site experiment was carried out on 17 study sites covering 10 countries (Belgium, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Norway, Romania, Spain and the United Kingdom). Each study site was assigned to a biogeographic region according to Udvardy (1975). When possible, the experiment was replicated on a spatial scale by selecting study sites within the same biogeographic region, and on a temporal scale by replicating the experiment in different seasons and/or years. All study areas consisted of natural grasslands which had been grazed by domestic and/or wild herbivores for at least a couple of years prior to the experiment.Sampling
During the experiments, the dung beetle community was sampled in each study area. In 2013 and 2014, two main types of pitfall traps were used in order to achieve a complete view of dung beetle diversity and abundance. The first trap type consisted of one large container (1 l) with a 11 cm wide opening at the top, and covered with hexagonal chicken wire (with mesh diameter of 25 mm) and dung as bait (as described in Larsen, Forsyth (2005)). In sampling campaigns in 2013 and 2014, approximately 100 g of dung packed in a nylon bag was put on top of the chicken wire (sampling protocol "T1" in the dataset), while in 2015 the traps were baited with a larger amount of unwrapped dung (ca. 500 g) put directly on the chicken wire (sampling protocol "T1L"). The second trap type consisted of five smaller containers (0.2 l) with a 7 cm wide opening at the top, and surrounding a central dung pile of approximately 300 g (as in D'hondt et al. (2008), sampling protocol "T5"). In all trap types containers were dug into the soil with the upper rim levelled with the soil surface. Containers were filled with a saturated salt-water solution (ca. 365 g l-1 NaCl with some drops of unscented detergent). All pitfall traps were set up randomly between the experimental units with six replicates per dung type used in the dung removal experiment. Traps were put in operation one week after the start of the dung removal and seed dispersal experiments in order to avoid interference with the initial beetle colonization phase of the experiment. Traps were emptied weekly and sampling stopped after one month, equalling three sampling occasions per experimental period.Method steps
- Dung beetle specimens were extracted from the samples and identified at species level.
- For each species, the number of individuals was counted per sampling unit (pitfall) with indication of sampling date, used dung bait and geographic location.
Taxonomic Coverages
We defined 'dung beetles' as species of the superfamily Scarabaeoidea that generally feed on dung in both the larval and adult phase. Some species of other beetle families such as Hydrophilidae and Staphylinidae are commonly found in dung as well and could be considered as dung beetles as well (Hanski, Cambefort 1991). Nevertheless, they are not coprophagous during their entire life cycle (Finn et al. 1999) and they do not contribute to lateral or vertical dung transport which was one of the major research questions in our study. Therefore, dung beetles were strictly defined as the coprophagous species in the Geotrupidae and Scarabaeidae families.
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Coleopteracommon name: beetles rank: order
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Scarabaeoidearank: superfamily
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Scarabaeidaerank: family
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Geotrupidaerank: family
Geographic Coverages
The multi-site experiment was carried out on 17 study sites covering 10 countries in the Western Palaearctic realm. All study areas consisted of natural grasslands which had been grazed by domestic and/or wild herbivores for at least a couple of years prior to the experiment.
Bibliographic Citations
- D'hondt, B., Bossuyt, B., Hoffmann, M. & Bonte, D. (2008) Dung beetles as secondary seed dispersers in a temperate grassland. Basic and Applied Ecology, 9, 542-549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2007.11.002 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2007.11.002
- Finn, J.A., Gittings, T. & Giller, P.S. (1999) Spatial and temporal variation in species composition of dung beetle assemblages in southern Ireland. Ecological Entomology, 24, 24-36. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2311.1999.00169.x - https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2311.1999.00169.x
- Hanski, I. & Cambefort, Y. (1991) Dung beetle ecology. Princeton University Press. Princeton, New Jersey, USA. -
- Larsen, T.H. & Forsyth, A. (2005) Trap spacing and transect design for dung beetle biodiversity studies. Biotropica, 37, 322-325. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00042.x - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00042.x
- Udvardy, M.D.F. (1975) A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world. IUCN Occasional paper 18, World Conservation Union. Morges, Switzerland. -
Contacts
Tanja Miloticoriginator
Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)
Kliniekstraat 25
Brussels
1070
Brussels Capital Region
BE
email: tanja.milotic@inbo.be
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3129-6196
Christophe Baltzinger
originator
IRSTEA
Domaine des Barres
Nogent-sur-Vernisson
45290
FR
Carsten Eichberg
originator
Universität Trier
Behringstr. 21
Trier
DE
Amy Eycott
originator
University of Bergen
PO box 7803
Bergen
5020
NO
Marco Heurich
originator
Bavarian Forest National Park
Freyunger Str. 2
Grafenau
94481
DE
Jörg Müller
originator
Bavarian Forest National Park
Freyunger Str. 2
Grafenau
94481
DE
Jorge Noriega
originator
CSIC
C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2
Madrid
28006
ES
Rosa Menendez
originator
Lancaster University
Lancaster LA1 4YQ
Lancaster
Jutta Stadler
originator
UFZ
Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4
Halle/Saale
06120
DE
Réka Ádám
originator
MTA Centre for Ecological Research
Alkotmány u. 2-4
Vácrátót
2163
HU
Tessa Bargmann
originator
University of Bergen
PO box 7803
Bergen
5020
NO
Isabelle Bilger
originator
IRSTEA
Domaine des Barres
Nogent-sur-Vernisson
45290
FR
Jörn Buse
originator
University Koblenz-Landau
Fortstr. 7
Landau
76829
DE
Joaquin Calatayud
originator
Universidad de Alcalá
Alcalá de Henares
28871
ES
Constantin Ciubuc
originator
University of Bucharest
Splaiul Independentei 91-95
Bucharest
050095
RO
Gergely Boros
originator
MTA Centre for Ecological Research
Alkotmány u. 2-4.
Vácrátót
2163
HU
Pierre Jay-Robert
originator
University of Montpellier
CEFE UMR 5175
Montpellier
34199
FR
Märt Kruus
originator
Estonian University of Life Sciences
Kreutzwaldi Street 1
51014
EE
Telephone: Tartu
Enno Merivee
originator
Estonian University of Life Sciences
Kreutzwaldi Street 1
Tartu
51014
EE
Geoffrey Miessen
originator
Rue Hazinelle, 6/41
Liège
4000
BE
Anne Must
originator
Estonian University of Life Sciences
Kreutzwaldi Street 1
Tartu
51014
EE
Elham Ardali
originator
Ghent University
K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35
Gent
9000
BE
Elena Preda
originator
University of Bucharest
Splaiul Independentei 91-95
Bucharest
050095
RO
Iraj Rahimi
originator
Shahrekord University
Pobox 115
Shahrekord
IR
Dirk Rohwedder
originator
Zoological research museum Alexander Koenig
Adenauerallee 160
Bonn
53113
DE
Eleanor Slade
originator
University of Oxford
South Parks Road
Oxford
OX1 3PS
GB
László Somay
originator
MTA centre for ecological research
Alkotmány u. 2-4
Vácrátót
2163
HU
Pejman Tahmasebi
originator
Shahrekord University
Pobox 115
Shahrekord
IR
Stefano Ziani
originator
GEOLAB
Via Case di Dozza, 22
Imola
40026
IT
Dimitri Brosens
originator
Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)
Kliniekstraat 25
Brussels
1070
Brussels Capital Region
BE
email: dimitri.brosens@inbo.be
homepage: http://www.biodiversity.be
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-9116
Peter Desmet
originator
Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)
Kliniekstraat 25
Brussels
1070
Brussels Capital Region
BE
email: peter.desmet@inbo.be
homepage: http://lifewatch.inbo.be
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8442-8025
Maurice Hoffmann
originator
Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)
Kliniekstraat 25
Brussels
1070
Brussels Capital Region
BE
Tanja Milotic
metadata author
Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)
Kliniekstraat 25
Brussels
1070
Brussels Capital Region
BE
email: tanja.milotic@inbo.be
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3129-6196
Tanja Milotic
administrative point of contact
Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)
Kliniekstraat 25
Brussels
1070
Brussels Capital Region
BE
email: tanja.milotic@inbo.be
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3129-6196