Global Lepidoptera Index

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Description

Global Lepidoptera Index is a revised dataset based on the Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex), a digitised and updated version of the unique index card archive to the scientific names of the living and fossil butterflies and moths of the world at the Natural History Museum (London). This card index was produced by the museum’s lepidopterists over many decades and contained 15,578 genus and 157,474 species names for Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), together with synonyms, misspellings and misidentifications. Updates to LepIndex, the digitised version of this dataset, ended in 2012. Large sections of the dataset are outdated and contain errors or inaccuracies (particularly relating to changes in higher classification and incomplete data on historical combinations for each epithet), but the size of the Lepidoptera makes it challenging to find and correct all these issues. LepIndex has now been imported into TaxonWorks and is maintained there as an online curated resource. Significant updates have been made to some families, and work will continue to improve all aspects of this important dataset. The intended scope for data in the Global Lepidoptera Index is as follows: * Include names for described extant and fossil species for the insect order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) * Maintain and improve data for all families not covered by other source datasets feeding into Catalogue of Life (see below) * Include names for the following ranks where these ranks are used by taxonomists for each lepidopteran family: superfamily, family, subfamily, tribe, genus, subgenus, species and subspecies * Include original combination and current combination for each accepted species or subspecies name * Include original combination for all species synonyms * Include other combinations where these have been widely used in recent literature or included in earlier versions of LepIndex / Global Lepidoptera Index * Include variety and form names where these are original combinations for accepted species names or synonyms * Exclude aberration names, hybrids, unpublished manuscript names and misapplications * Include synonyms for genus and subgenus names * Include synonyms for other ranks only where these have been widely used in recent literature * Provide publication and page references for all names, including combinations * Follow prevailing practice in Lepidoptera taxonomy by retaining original epithet spellings without consideration for gender agreement * Indicate type species for higher ranks * Indicate homonyms, replacement names and unnecessary replacements names * Include misspellings where these are found in significant recent publications or were included in earlier versions of LepIndex / Global Lepidoptera Index * Normally, follow the most recent published treatment for each species The Global Lepidoptera Index is incomplete in all these respects, but ongoing effort is slowly addressing issues. Given the size of the Lepidoptera and the amount of regionally focused taxonomic effort, it is generally not possible to produce a comprehensive and demonstrably taxonomically consistent perspective for widely distributed taxa unless a global revision has recently been published for the group. Even in such cases, it can be hard to infer how subsequent treatments should be merged into the global perspective. As a result, Global Lepidoptera Index normally follows the most recent published treatment for each species. In cases where two or more taxonomists have apparently published papers with contradictory perspectives and no discussion of each other's perspective, the Global Lepidoptera Index seeks to present the simplest combined solution that respects the new contributions from each author. Taxonomists working with any Lepidoptera groups are encouraged to make contributions to improve the quality and completeness of the dataset. Please contact Donald Hobern (donald.hobern@catalogueoflife.org) for more information. The Global Lepidoptera Index is not at present actively maintained for the following Lepidoptera groups since these are maintained in other public datasets: * Hepialidae: A Revised World Catalogue of Ghost Moths * Nepticulidae, Opostegidae: Nepticulidae and Opostegidae of the World * Tineidae: Global taxonomic database of Tineidae (Lepidoptera) * Gracillariidae: Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae * Gelechiidae: Catalogue of World Gelechiidae * Alucitidae: Catalogue of the Alucitoidea of the World * Pterophoridae, Macropiratidae: Catalogue of the Pterophoroidea of the World * Tortricidae: World Catalogue of the Tortricidae * Sesiidae: Checklist of the Sesiidae of the world * Papilionidae, Pieridae: Global Butterfly Information System * Geometridae: Online Taxonomic Facility of Geometridae Significant improvements have been made to the following taxonomic groups within the Global Lepidoptera Index: * Micropterigoidea: Micropterigidae * Eriocranioidea: Eriocraniidae * Agathiphagoidea: Agathiphagidae * Heterobathmioidea: Heterobathmiidae * Neopseustoidea: Acanthopteroctetidae, Aenigmatineidae, Neopseustidae * Lophocoronoidea: Lophocoronidae * Hepialoidea: Anomosetidae, Mnesarchaeidae, Neotheoridae, Palaeosetidae, Prototheoridae * Andesianoidea: Andesianidae * Adeloidea: Adelidae, Cecidosidae, Heliozelidae, Incurvariidae, Prodoxidae, Tridentaformidae * Tischeroidea: Tischeriidae * Palaephatoidea: Palaephatidae * Tineoidea: Psychidae * Yponomeutoidea: Argyresthiidae, Attevidae, Praydidae, Scythropiidae, Tonzidae, Yponomeutidae * Simaethistoidea: Simaethistidae * Gelechioidea: Autostichidae, Elachistinae (Elachistidae), Lecithoceridae * Drepanoidea: Thyatiridae * Geometroidea: Pseudobistonidae * Noctuoidea: Oenosandridae, Scranciidae, Notodontidae, Lithosiini (Erebidae: Arctiinae), Micronoctuini (Erebidae: Hypenodinae) Summary statistics The following statistics indicate progress towards cleaning the Global Lepidoptera Index. For each taxon, counts are based on all accepted and synonymised names at genus rank or lower. Columns are as follows: * Names is the count of scientific names included within the taxon. * species is the count of accepted species included within the taxon. * Mean year is the arithmetic mean of the publication years for scientific names within the taxon - a higher value may mean that more recent taxonomic work has been included. * Synonyms is the percentage of scientific names that are identified as synonyms or alternative combinations for an accepted species - a higher value may mean that more taxonomic revisionary work has been included. * Modified is the percentage of scientific names that have been added or modified since data were imported from the historical LepIndex dataset - higher values indicate more work on the family within the Global Lepidoptera Index. * Citation is the percentage of scientific names that are associated with a publication reference - higher values indicate a greater confidence that the names have been reviewed. Bold taxon names highlight groups which have been significantly edited in the Global Lepidoptera Index. Italicised taxon names indicate groups which are not actively maintained in this dataset. Bold values for percentages indicate that the value is more than one standard deviation above the mean. | Family | Names | Species | Mean year | Synonyms | Modified | Citation | | --- | ---: | ---: | :---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Micropterigoidea: Micropterigidae | 274 | 155 | 1928 | 35.8% | 25.5% | 29.9% | | Agathiphagoidea: Agathiphagidae | 5 | 3 | 1980 | 0.0% | 60.0% | 100.0% | | Heterobathmioidea: Heterobathmiidae | 5 | 3 | 1997 | 0.0% | 40.0% | 80.0% | | Eriocranioidea: Eriocraniidae | 80 | 29 | 1916 | 48.8% | 50.0% | 46.2% | | Neopseustoidea: Acanthopteroctetidae | 9 | 7 | 1975 | 0.0% | 66.7% | 100.0% | | Neopseustoidea: Aenigmatineidae | 2 | 1 | 2015 | 0.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | | Neopseustoidea: Neopseustidae | 24 | 16 | 1969 | 16.7% | 33.3% | 70.8% | | Lophocoronoidea: Lophocoronidae | 15 | 13 | 2003 | 0.0% | 73.3% | 100.0% | | Hepialoidea: Anomosetidae | 3 | 1 | 1916 | 33.3% | 33.3% | 66.7% | | Hepialoidea: [Hepialidae] | 1452 | 615 | 1919 | 52.5% | 4.3% | 20.8% | | Hepialoidea: Mnesarchaeidae | 22 | 14 | 1941 | 27.3% | 81.8% | 95.5% | | Hepialoidea: Neotheoridae | 2 | 1 | 1978 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | | Hepialoidea: Palaeosetidae | 15 | 10 | 1941 | 6.7% | 40.0% | 66.7% | | Hepialoidea: Prototheoridae | 17 | 12 | 1943 | 23.5% | 11.8% | 29.4% | | Nepticuloidea: [Nepticulidae] | 1234 | 777 | 1930 | 33.3% | 3.6% | 5.3% | | Nepticuloidea: Opostegidae | 259 | 203 | 1950 | 17.8% | 0.0% | 6.6% | | Andesianoidea: Andesianidae | 4 | 3 | 1988 | 0.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | | Adeloidea: Adelidae | 795 | 459 | 1918 | 41.1% | 38.6% | 26.8% | | Adeloidea: Cecidosidae | 39 | 19 | 1945 | 30.8% | 51.3% | 87.2% | | Adeloidea: Heliozelidae | 208 | 136 | 1910 | 27.9% | 27.9% | 37.0% | | Adeloidea: Incurvariidae | 134 | 57 | 1907 | 47.8% | 63.4% | 30.6% | | Adeloidea: Prodoxidae | 201 | 98 | 1902 | 46.3% | 71.1% | 33.8% | | Adeloidea: Tridentaformidae | 3 | 1 | 1941 | 33.3% | 33.3% | 100.0% | | Tischerioidea: Tischeriidae | 328 | 186 | 1956 | 39.9% | 90.5% | 42.7% | | Palaephatoidea: Palaephatidae | 59 | 39 | 1949 | 18.6% | 10.2% | 78.0% | | Tineoidea: Dryadaulidae | 85 | 40 | 1921 | 49.4% | 1.2% | 34.1% | | Tineoidea: Eriocottidae | 172 | 82 | 1909 | 45.9% | 9.9% | 28.5% | | Tineoidea: Meessiidae | 502 | 259 | 1929 | 40.4% | 4.0% | 37.3% | | Tineoidea: Psychidae | 3472 | 1459 | 1915 | 49.2% | 64.2% | 24.5% | | Tineoidea: [Tineidae] | 4381 | 2369 | 1917 | 37.5% | 0.8% | 29.0% | | Tineoidea: Unplaced to family | 3 | 1 | 1853 | 66.7% | 100.0% | 0.0% | | Gracillarioidea: Bucculatricidae | 312 | 272 | 1926 | 12.2% | 16.7% | 12.2% | | Gracillarioidea: Douglasiidae | 55 | 32 | 1909 | 36.4% | 14.5% | 29.1% | | Gracillarioidea: [Gracillariidae] | 2599 | 1743 | 1916 | 29.3% | 0.6% | 9.1% | | Gracillarioidea: Roeslerstammiidae | 78 | 53 | 1910 | 14.1% | 1.3% | 48.7% | | Yponomeutoidea: Argyresthiidae | 387 | 217 | 1926 | 42.9% | 60.7% | 45.2% | | Yponomeutoidea: Attevidae | 106 | 51 | 1890 | 50.9% | 15.1% | 30.2% | | Yponomeutoidea: Bedelliidae | 25 | 16 | 1913 | 32.0% | 0.0% | 16.0% | | Yponomeutoidea: Glyphipterigidae | 748 | 464 | 1918 | 34.0% | 11.1% | 14.7% | | Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae | 179 | 118 | 1914 | 5.0% | 0.0% | 63.1% | | Yponomeutoidea: Lyonetiidae | 330 | 194 | 1910 | 32.4% | 36.7% | 27.6% | | Yponomeutoidea: Plutellidae | 324 | 184 | 1916 | 25.6% | 13.0% | 43.2% | | Yponomeutoidea: Praydidae | 100 | 67 | 1925 | 29.0% | 61.0% | 59.0% | | Yponomeutoidea: Scythropiidae | 7 | 1 | 1804 | 71.4% | 42.9% | 42.9% | | Yponomeutoidea: Tonzidae | 5 | 4 | 1913 | 0.0% | 40.0% | 60.0% | | Yponomeutoidea: Yponomeutidae | 632 | 332 | 1922 | 43.2% | 47.3% | 40.7% | | Yponomeutoidea: Ypsolophidae | 284 | 145 | 1887 | 46.8% | 83.5% | 13.4% | | Yponomeutoidea: Unplaced to family | 131 | 68 | 1927 | 10.7% | 48.1% | 84.7% | | Urodoidea: Urodidae | 83 | 63 | 1904 | 18.1% | 2.4% | 26.5% | | Urodoidea: Ustyurtiidae | 3 | 2 | 2020 | 0.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | | Simaethistoidea: Simaethistidae | 8 | 4 | 1891 | 25.0% | 0.0% | 62.5% | | Schreckensteinioidea: Schreckensteiniidae | 24 | 13 | 1899 | 25.0% | 4.2% | 50.0% | | Choreutoidea: Choreutidae | 572 | 362 | 1910 | 33.4% | 4.2% | 15.0% | | Immoidea: Immidae | 328 | 239 | 1913 | 23.5% | 1.2% | 19.5% | | Galacticoidea: Galacticidae | 36 | 18 | 1925 | 41.7% | 5.6% | 50.0% | | Tortricoidea: [Tortricidae] | 19535 | 9480 | 1922 | 45.3% | 8.8% | 16.6% | | Tortricoidea: Unplaced to family | 19 | 10 | 1897 | 26.3% | 0.0% | 52.6% | | Zygaenoidea: Aididae | 18 | 6 | 1877 | 55.6% | 0.0% | 38.9% | | Zygaenoidea: Cyclotornidae | 6 | 5 | 1912 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 33.3% | | Zygaenoidea: Dalceridae | 113 | 79 | 1905 | 16.8% | 0.0% | 35.4% | | Zygaenoidea: Epipyropidae | 54 | 26 | 1916 | 37.0% | 0.0% | 35.2% | | Zygaenoidea: Heterogynidae | 26 | 7 | 1871 | 65.4% | 0.0% | 23.1% | | Zygaenoidea: Himantopteridae | 153 | 101 | 1914 | 22.2% | 2.0% | 17.0% | | Zygaenoidea: Lacturidae | 257 | 155 | 1910 | 33.9% | 61.1% | 29.6% | | Zygaenoidea: Limacodidae | 3376 | 1774 | 1920 | 35.4% | 31.0% | 38.9% | | Zygaenoidea: Megalopygidae | 559 | 261 | 1904 | 47.4% | 16.1% | 27.7% | | Zygaenoidea: Phaudidae | 50 | 27 | 1897 | 32.0% | 0.0% | 36.0% | | Zygaenoidea: Somabrachyidae | 42 | 30 | 1902 | 19.0% | 4.8% | 19.0% | | Zygaenoidea: Zygaenidae | 5642 | 1084 | 1918 | 63.2% | 2.2% | 11.6% | | Cossoidea: Brachodidae | 243 | 145 | 1923 | 32.9% | 48.6% | 40.7% | | Cossoidea: Castniidae | 625 | 201 | 1887 | 56.5% | 8.0% | 18.4% | | Cossoidea: Cossidae | 1804 | 1145 | 1932 | 24.2% | 3.4% | 19.7% | | Cossoidea: Dudgeoneidae | 32 | 15 | 1935 | 46.9% | 50.0% | 50.0% | | Cossoidea: Metarbelidae | 284 | 224 | 1942 | 12.7% | 29.9% | 42.6% | | Cossoidea: Ratardidae | 15 | 11 | 1917 | 6.7% | 0.0% | 40.0% | | Cossoidea: [Sesiidae] | 2474 | 1158 | 1902 | 46.2% | 3.4% | 18.7% | | Gelechioidea: Ashinagidae | 26 | 20 | 1930 | 7.7% | 15.4% | 30.8% | | Gelechioidea: Autostichidae | 1613 | 951 | 1950 | 35.0% | 62.2% | 52.9% | | Gelechioidea: Batrachedridae | 147 | 121 | 1918 | 15.6% | 4.8% | 9.5% | | Gelechioidea: Blastobasidae | 620 | 444 | 1935 | 23.5% | 34.0% | 39.4% | | Gelechioidea: Coleophoridae | 1727 | 1154 | 1928 | 31.7% | 9.0% | 20.5% | | Gelechioidea: Cosmopterigidae | 2423 | 1588 | 1919 | 28.2% | 19.9% | 17.8% | | Gelechioidea: Depressariidae | 3240 | 2359 | 1909 | 22.3% | 6.7% | 14.6% | | Gelechioidea: Elachistidae | 1690 | 1056 | 1939 | 34.4% | 61.6% | 48.8% | | Gelechioidea: Elachistidae: Elachistinae | 1268 | 820 | 1948 | 34.1% | 70.5% | 53.5% | | Gelechioidea: Epimarptidae | 15 | 9 | 1900 | 26.7% | 13.3% | 53.3% | | Gelechioidea: Ethmiidae | 463 | 307 | 1925 | 27.2% | 3.5% | 13.2% | | Gelechioidea: [Gelechiidae] | 8968 | 4755 | 1916 | 40.9% | 8.0% | 20.6% | | Gelechioidea: Lecithoceridae | 2196 | 1540 | 1958 | 23.6% | 57.8% | 56.9% | | Gelechioidea: Lypusidae | 118 | 38 | 1905 | 60.2% | 84.7% | 39.0% | | Gelechioidea: Momphidae | 261 | 143 | 1912 | 40.6% | 6.5% | 18.0% | | Gelechioidea: Oecophoridae | 6102 | 3509 | 1919 | 34.0% | 22.0% | 28.3% | | Gelechioidea: Peleopodidae | 318 | 215 | 1917 | 28.0% | 23.6% | 21.7% | | Gelechioidea: Pterolonchidae | 45 | 29 | 1929 | 22.2% | 48.9% | 55.6% | | Gelechioidea: Schistonoeidae | 3 | 1 | 1908 | 33.3% | 33.3% | 100.0% | | Gelechioidea: Scythrididae | 895 | 548 | 1913 | 36.8% | 23.7% | 22.9% | | Gelechioidea: Stathmopodidae | 437 | 357 | 1923 | 12.4% | 6.4% | 21.5% | | Gelechioidea: Xyloryctidae | 916 | 549 | 1909 | 28.3% | 2.3% | 31.2% | | Gelechioidea: Unplaced to family | 52 | 28 | 1929 | 30.8% | 67.3% | 34.6% | | Whalleyanoidea: Whalleyanidae | 3 | 2 | 1977 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 66.7% | | Thyridoidea: Thyrididae | 1700 | 819 | 1911 | 41.2% | 0.5% | 18.9% | | Hyblaeoidea: Hyblaeidae | 59 | 40 | 1885 | 27.1% | 0.0% | 16.9% | | Hyblaeoidea: Prodidactidae | 3 | 1 | 1919 | 33.3% | 0.0% | 100.0% | | Calliduloidea: Callidulidae | 130 | 54 | 1879 | 50.8% | 0.0% | 16.9% | | Alucitoidea: [Alucitidae] | 433 | 246 | 1936 | 38.1% | 76.2% | 83.1% | | Epermenioidea: Epermeniidae | 192 | 100 | 1915 | 41.1% | 12.0% | 28.1% | | Carposinoidea: Carposinidae | 395 | 295 | 1933 | 15.4% | 3.8% | 28.4% | | Carposinoidea: Copromorphidae | 92 | 59 | 1925 | 13.0% | 4.3% | 50.0% | | Pterophoroidea: [Pterophoridae] | 1577 | 1057 | 1918 | 27.9% | 5.3% | 14.5% | | Papilionoidea: Hedylidae | 59 | 33 | 1895 | 42.4% | 0.0% | 23.7% | | Papilionoidea: Hesperiidae | 13560 | 3454 | 1902 | 57.3% | 0.5% | 14.5% | | Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae | 19125 | 6020 | 1908 | 45.2% | 0.7% | 7.9% | | Papilionoidea: Nymphalidae | 38633 | 6350 | 1902 | 56.0% | 0.4% | 6.3% | | Papilionoidea: [Papilionidae] | 8286 | 626 | 1906 | 67.0% | 0.2% | 3.7% | | Papilionoidea: [Pieridae] | 8050 | 1148 | 1901 | 60.8% | 0.2% | 4.7% | | Papilionoidea: Riodinidae | 4735 | 1487 | 1887 | 48.0% | 7.3% | 10.7% | | Pyraloidea: Crambidae | 14904 | 9566 | 1906 | 26.9% | 0.7% | 19.3% | | Pyraloidea: Pyralidae | 10126 | 6039 | 1912 | 27.6% | 0.7% | 31.4% | | Mimallonoidea: Mimallonidae | 359 | 200 | 1906 | 36.2% | 0.0% | 21.7% | | Drepanoidea: Cimeliidae | 34 | 5 | 1922 | 52.9% | 0.0% | 20.6% | | Drepanoidea: Doidae | 10 | 7 | 1898 | 10.0% | 0.0% | 40.0% | | Drepanoidea: Drepanidae | 1267 | 529 | 1919 | 44.2% | 0.3% | 21.7% | | Drepanoidea: Thyatiridae | 933 | 255 | 1922 | 55.1% | 60.5% | 38.9% | | Lasiocampoidea: Lasiocampidae | 4733 | 2034 | 1919 | 46.9% | 6.0% | 15.4% | | Bombycoidea: Anthelidae | 279 | 96 | 1887 | 62.4% | 0.0% | 17.2% | | Bombycoidea: Apatelodidae | 195 | 142 | 1900 | 22.1% | 0.5% | 14.9% | | Bombycoidea: Bombycidae | 299 | 192 | 1906 | 24.4% | 0.3% | 25.1% | | Bombycoidea: Brahmaeidae | 158 | 75 | 1922 | 32.9% | 19.0% | 22.2% | | Bombycoidea: Carthaeidae | 2 | 1 | 1858 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | | Bombycoidea: Endromidae | 110 | 61 | 1951 | 22.7% | 3.6% | 23.6% | | Bombycoidea: Eupterotidae | 672 | 345 | 1906 | 36.0% | 0.3% | 21.3% | | Bombycoidea: Phiditiidae | 38 | 21 | 1886 | 34.2% | 0.0% | 42.1% | | Bombycoidea: Saturniidae | 4855 | 2571 | 1933 | 37.4% | 0.6% | 10.2% | | Bombycoidea: Sphingidae | 4244 | 1599 | 1908 | 48.4% | 0.1% | 16.1% | | Geometroidea: Epicopeiidae | 61 | 25 | 1899 | 42.6% | 0.0% | 31.1% | | Geometroidea: [Geometridae] | 55555 | 22470 | 1908 | 49.9% | 0.5% | 14.4% | | Geometroidea: Pseudobistonidae | 4 | 2 | 1930 | 0.0% | 75.0% | 100.0% | | Geometroidea: Sematuridae | 84 | 42 | 1877 | 42.9% | 0.0% | 26.2% | | Geometroidea: Uraniidae | 1079 | 725 | 1897 | 23.0% | 0.1% | 20.9% | | Noctuoidea: Erebidae | 43690 | 23622 | 1909 | 36.1% | 23.3% | 26.1% | | Noctuoidea: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini | 9253 | 4527 | 1929 | 40.9% | 59.1% | 39.6% | | Noctuoidea: Erebidae: Hypenodinae: Micronoctuini | 539 | 334 | 2001 | 26.0% | 98.7% | 88.7% | | Noctuoidea: Euteliidae | 1192 | 553 | 1910 | 49.2% | 41.2% | 27.3% | | Noctuoidea: Noctuidae | 31385 | 14909 | 1911 | 41.5% | 3.2% | 17.5% | | Noctuoidea: Nolidae | 3678 | 2058 | 1916 | 36.7% | 10.6% | 23.6% | | Noctuoidea: Notodontidae | 11649 | 4498 | 1926 | 50.1% | 59.5% | 34.3% | | Noctuoidea: Oenosandridae | 28 | 8 | 1888 | 57.1% | 14.3% | 82.1% | | Noctuoidea: Scranciidae | 276 | 122 | 1945 | 43.8% | 84.1% | 31.5% | | Noctuoidea: Unplaced to family | 15 | 5 | 1904 | 66.7% | 100.0% | 0.0% | | ALL LEPIDOPTERA | 377556 | 161998 | 1911 | 43.9% | 9.9% | 18.2% | References The following publications have each contributed a significant number of updates to the Global Lepidoptera Index in years following 2021. In each case, at least 10 species names from the specified family were updated using the named publication in the specified year. 2024 * Adelidae * Davis, D.R. & Medeiros, M.J. (2023) A Revision of the Family Adelidae of the Western Hemisphere (Lepidoptera: Adeloidea). In Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. Vol. 656, i-x, 1–215. [in English] Available at https://doi.org/10.5479/si.23817864 * Kozlov, M.V. (2024) Fairy moths of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) from Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. Zootaxa, 5423(1), 1–66. [in English] Available at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5423.1.1 * Brachodidae * Kallies, A. (1998) A contribution to the knowledge of the Oriental and Australian Brachodidae (Lepidoptera, Sesioidea). Tinea, 15(4), 132–337. Available at http://publ.moth.jp/tinea/tinea15-4.pdf * Kallies, A. (2004) The Brachodidae of the Oriental region and adjacent territories (Lepidoptera: Sesioidea). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 147(1), 1–19. [in English] Available at https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-900000131 * Kallies, A. (2013) New and little known Brachodidae from tropical Asia and Papua New Guinea (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea). Zootaxa, 3641(3), 241–259. [in English] Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3641.3.4 * Kallies, A. (2016) The Brachodidae of Sub-Saharan Africa (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea), with implications for the origin of the family. Zootaxa, 4083(1), 1–39. [in English] Available at http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.1 * Autostichidae * Wang, S. & Xu, Z. (2024) Taxonomy of the genus Periacma Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Autostichidae) from China, with a checklist of the world species. Zootaxa, 5399(2), 101–129. [in English] Available at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.2.1 * Erebidae * Griveaud, P. (1977) Insectes Lépidoptères Lymantriidae (1re partie). Faune de Madagascar, 43(1), 1–293. [in French] Available at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/60115306 * Griveaud, P. (1977) Insectes Lépidoptères Lymantriidae (2e partie). Faune de Madagascar, 43(2), 294–588. [in French] Available at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/60116616 * Kishida, Y. (1995) Arctiidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 4. Tinea, 14(Supplement 2), 39–43. [in English] Available at http://publ.moth.jp/special/Moths-of-Nepal-part-4.pdf * Euteliidae * Holloway, J.D. (1985) Moths of Borneo Part 14: Noctuidae: Euteliinae, Stictopterinae, Plusiinae, Pantheinae. Malayan Nature Journal, 38, 157–317. [in English] Available at http://www.mothsofborneo.com/part-14/ * Erebidae * Schintlmeister, A. (2004) The taxonomy of the genus Lymantria Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Quadrifina, 7, 1–248. [in English] Available from https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Quad_7_0001-0248.pdf * Euteliidae * Kobes, L.W.R. (2008) Euteliinae of Sumatra. Heterocera Sumatrana, 12(7), 295–413. [in English] * Kobes, L.W.R. (2014) The Euteliidae, Stictoperinae of Sumatra (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea partim). Heterocera Sumatrana, 14, 1–117. [in English] * Erebidae * Thomas, W. (1990) Die Gatting Lemyra (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Suppl. 9, 1–83. [in German] Available at https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/NEVA-SUP_9_0001-0083.pdf * Volynkin, A.V. & Černý, K. (2024) Taxonomic review of the Thysanoptyx Hampson generic complex (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). I. The genus Collitoptyx Volynkin with descriptions of two new genera, two new subgenera and six new species. Ecologica Montenegrina, 77, 44–68. [in English] Available at https://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.77.5 * Gelechiidae * Janse (1951) The moths of South Africa. 5. * Janse (1960) The moths of South Africa. 6. * Euteliidae * Pogue, M.G. (2013) A review of the Paectes arcigera species complex (Guenée) (Lepidoptera, Euteliidae). ZooKeys, 264, 125–163. 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Bibliographic Citations