Hydroides sanctaecrucis Kroyer in Morch 1863
- Dataset
- The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview
- Rank
- SPECIES
Classification
- kingdom
- Animalia
- phylum
- Annelida
- class
- Polychaeta
- order
- Sabellida
- family
- Serpulidae
- genus
- Hydroides
- species
- Hydroides sanctaecrucis
biology_ecology
Ecology Intertidal to 15 m, salinity 18 – 31 ‰. On mangrove roots, mollusk shells, corals, rocks and on artificial substrates at marinas and piers, on floats, docks and fouling plates (Rioja 1958; Dueñas 1981; Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002; Lewis et al. 2006; Sun et al. 2015).
description
Figs 4 J, 6
diagnosis
Diagnosis Tube white, with two longitudinal ridges or none; without peristomes or alveoli. Opercular peduncle smooth, white. Opercular funnel with 19 – 28 radii with pointed tips (Fig. 4 J); verticil with 11 – 14 spines, all curving ventrally, with or without one basal internal spinule, with an external spinule on all or almost all spines, without lateral spinules, with wings extending more than half of spine length (Fig. 4 J). Special collar chaetae with two blunt or pointed teeth and smooth distal blade.
discussion
Taxonomic remarks Hydroides sanctaecrucis is an invasive species that has established itself in several localities along the Pacific coast of the Americas (Mexican Pacific: Oaxaca and Gulf of California, and Panama), in Australia and Hong Kong. The species has been found only once in Hawaii (Long 1974), so it is not clear whether it is established there. The main means of dispersal is likely as fouling on vessels; the species was generally limited to polluted harbors in the sites invaded (Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002, 2003; Lewis et al. 2006; Tovar-Hernández et al. 2014; Sun et al. 2012, 2015; Bastida-Zavala et al. 2016).
distribution
Distribution Caribbean Sea, French Guiana, Gulf of Mexico, east coast of United States, Pacific side of Panama, Oaxaca (southern Mexico), Gulf of California, Hawaii, Australia, Hong Kong (Zibrowius 1971; Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002, 2003; Lewis et al. 2006; Sun et al. 2012, 2015; Tovar-Hernández et al. 2014; Bastida-Zavala et al. 2016). In this work, Hydroides sanctaecrucis was found abundantly on fouling plates from Biscayne Bay, Florida, and occasionally from Tampa Bay, Florida (Fig. 6).
materials_examined
Material examined 37 specimens: BB (28) Aug. 2004, TB (9) Jul. 2002, Jun. 2012 and Jun. 2014.