Larinioides cornutus (Clerck 1757) Clerck 1757
- Dataset
- A revision of the Holarctic genus Larinioides Caporiacco, 1934 (Araneae: Araneidae)
- Rank
- SPECIES
Classification
- kingdom
- Animalia
- phylum
- Arthropoda
- class
- Arachnida
- order
- Araneae
- family
- Araneidae
- genus
- Larinioides
- species
- Larinioides cornutus
description
Description. Carapace, chelicerae and sternum uniformly brown. Abdomen dorsally with a brown folium and a pale cross (Figs 6 A, C). Legs yellow, darkly annulated. Male. Total length 4.7 – 8.5. Carapace 2.1 – 4.2 long, 1.8 – 3.5 wide. Length of the first patella + tibia 3.0 – 6.0. Tibia II unmodified (Fig. 3 F), resembling other tibiae. Palp as in Figs 9 F, 10 F, 13, 14: bulbus with a tapered terminal apophysis; blunt subterminal apophysis 1; slightly serrated subterminal apophysis 2; embolus with flat shield covering a thin tip; median apophysis with a flat, rounded lower part and a narrow upper one with blunt tip; conductor rounded. Female. Total length 6.5 – 14.5. Carapace 2.4 – 5.0 long, 1.9 – 4.5 wide. Length of the first patella + tibia 2.6 – 5.8. Epigyne as Fig. 30, scapus short and straight; median plate rounded anteriorly; lateral lamellae laterally indistinct, anteriorly folded into triangular lobes covering copulatory openings; basal lamellae present.
diagnosis
Diagnosis. The species habitus is similar to that of L. chabarovi and almost identical to L. folium. Larinioides cornutus can be distinguished from L. chabarovi by the copulatory organs. Unlike L. folium, it has a round outline of the epigynal median plate and reduced lateral lamellae (Fig. 30); its male palp lacks serration on the subterminal apophysis 2 (Fig. 13, 14, blue). The male palp of L. cornutus is similar to that in L. jalimovi, but lacks a long process at the base of subterminal apophysis 1 and a small spur on the internal side of the flat shield of embolus.
discussion
Comments. With 99 taxonomic entries (Platnick 2014), it is one of the best known orb-weaving spiders. There are, however, some misidentifications (e. g. Loksa 1972, Bakhvalov 1974), which could lead to misinformation about its distribution and biology. A complete revision of all references is impossible, since most of them have an insufficient description and / or illustrations.
distribution
Distribution. The species has a circum-Holarctic range and is found north to the tundra zone (Marusik et al. 2000). Levi (1974) assumed it was distributed across the Holarctic accidentally by humans. In our opinion, the occurrence of this species in the in remote areas of Chukotka and neighbouring Alaska indicates its natural dispersal without human influence.
materials_examined
Material examined (selected localities): FINLAND: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (10 July 1967): Lemland, Flaka Apalholm, M. I. Saaristo (ZMUT); 1 ♀ (8 June 1959): Korpo, Lohm, Gunkobb, A. Kleemola (ZMUT). RUSSIA: Krasnoyarsk Province: 1 ♂ (1874): Moyero River, 66 ° 20 ’ 16 ” N, Czekanowski (ZISP). Yakutia: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (16 – 22 August 1926): Vilyuisk Distict, environs of Ugolyak Village, 64 ° 07 ’ N 120 ° 08 ’ E, A. Grigoryev (ZISP). Maritime Province: 1 ♀ (1 – 20 July 1986): environs of Vladivostok, Spitnik Village, V. Tseitva (IBPN). Magadan Province: ♂ ♀ (1983 – 1986): upper Kolyma River, ca. 62 ° N, environs of Sibit-Tyellakh Village, “ Aborigen ” Field Station, Y. M. Marusik (IBPN). Kamchatka: 1 ♂ (22 August 1983): Commander Isls, Beringa Isl., Pogrebnaya Bay, V. F. Sevastyanov (IBPN). Chukotka: 1 ♂ 8 ♀♀ (20 August 1985): S part of Chaun Bay, “ Chaun ” Field Station, A. S. Ryabukhin (IBPN); 1 ♀ (28 July 1987): environs of Pevek, Apapelgino, G. A. Anufriev (IBPN); 2 ♀♀ (1987): 60 km NE of Markovo Town, Ubiyenko River, A. V. Kondratev (IBPN).