Burkholderia cenocepacia Vandamme et al., 2003
- Dataset
- English Wikipedia - Species Pages
- Rank
- SPECIES
Classification
- genus
- Burkholderia
- species
- Burkholderia cenocepacia
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia is a species of Gram-negative bacteria that is common in the environment, can form a biofilm with itself, is resistant to many antibiotics and may cause disease in plants.
Microbiology
In addition, the strong environmental protection response of B. cenocepacia is attributed to the biofilm formed by groups of the organism. This biofilm contains exopolysaccharides (abbreviated EPS) that strengthen the bacterium's resistance to antibiotics. It is made up of a highly branched polysaccharide unit with one glucose, one glucuronic acid, one mannose, one rhamnose, and three galactose molecules. This species in the Bcc has also created another polysaccharide with one 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid and three galactose molecules. The biofilm exopolysaccharides acted as a barrier to neutrophils from human immune resistance systems, undermining the neutrophil defense action by inhibiting chemotaxis and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species.
Pathogenicity
It is an opportunistic pathogen and human infections are common in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease, and are often fatal. In cystic fibrosis, it can cause "cepacia syndrome" which is characterized by a rapidly progressive fever, uncontrolled bronchopneumonia, weight loss, and in some cases, death. A review of B. cenocepacia in respiratory infections of cystic fibrosis patients stated that "one of the most threatening pathogens in [cystic fibrosis] is Burkholderia cenocepacia, a member of a bacterial group collectively referred to as the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc)". Twenty-four Small RNAs were identified using RNA binding properties of the Hfq protein during the exponential growth phases. sRNAs identified in Burkholderia cenocepacia KC-0 were upregulated under iron depletion and oxidate stress. In Seattle, a team led by microbiologist Joseph Mougous at the University of Washington had discovered a strange enzyme (a toxin called DddA) made by the bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia — and when it encountered the DNA base C, it converted it to a U. Because U, which is not commonly found in DNA, behaves like a T, the enzymes that replicate the cell’s DNA copy it as a T, effectively converting a C in the genome sequence to a T. This has reportedly been used for the first gene-editing of mitochondria – for which a team at the Broad Institute developed a new kind of CRISPR-free base editor, called DdCBE, using the toxin.Mike McRae: For The First Time, Scientists Find a Way to Make Targeted Edits to Mitochondrial DNA, on: sciencealert, July 10, 2020Beverly Y. Mok, M. H. de Moraes, J. Zeng, et al.: A bacterial cytidine deaminase toxin enables CRISPR-free mitochondrial base editing, in: Nature (2020). July 8, 2020. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2477-4 See also: Burkholderia thailandensis sRNA
Taxonomy
Originally defined as B. cepacia, the group has now been split into nine species, and B. cenocepacia is one of the most intensively-studied.
Name
- Homonyms
- Burkholderia cenocepacia Vandamme et al., 2003
- Common names
- 10.1038/s41586-020-2477-4 in language.