Allocareproctus kallaion Orr & Busby 2006
- Dataset
- Revision of the snailfish genus Allocareproctus Pitruk & Fedorov (Teleostei: Liparidae), with descriptions of four new species from the Aleutian Islands
- Rank
- SPECIES
- Published in
- Orr, James Wilder, Busby, Morgan Scott (2006): Revision of the snailfish genus Allocareproctus Pitruk & Fedorov (Teleostei: Liparidae), with descriptions of four new species from the Aleutian Islands. Zootaxa 1173: 1-37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2645716
Classification
- kingdom
- Animalia
- phylum
- Chordata
- class
- Actinopterygii
- order
- Scorpaeniformes
- family
- Liparidae
- genus
- Allocareproctus
- species
- Allocareproctus kallaion
description
(Figures 1 – 6, 9, 12 – 13; Tables 1 – 4) Holotype: UW 112244, 157.0 mm, female, 52.3405 ºN, 172.7455 ºW, 441 m depth, 31 May 2002, F / V Morning Star, cruise 2002 01, haul 32, J. W. Orr. Paratypes: UW 112243, 3 (145.0 – 190.0 mm), 52.3732 ºN, 171.3548 ºW, 324 m depth, 10 August 2002, F / V Sea Storm, cruise 2002 01, haul 225, R. C. Harrison; UW 112235, 1 (162.0 mm), 52.3796 ºN, 170.6611 ºW, 278 m depth, 31 May 2000, F / V Vesteraalen, cruise 2000 01, haul 51, W. C. Flerx; UW 112241, 3 (108.0 – 167.0 mm), 52.331 ºN, 172.7470 ºW, 441 m depth, 23 July 2002, F / V Sea Storm, cruise 2002 01, haul 156, J. W. Orr; UW 112237, 1 (152.9 mm), 52.2383 ºN, 172.1247 ºW, 357 m depth, 29 July 2002, F / V Sea Storm, cruise 2002 01, haul 167, benthic bag, R. C. Harrison; UW 112236, 2 (129.0 – 133.0 mm; 129.0 mm cleared and stained), 52.4877 ºN, 172.5677 ºW, 419 m depth, 26 June 1997, M / V Dominator, cruise 1997 01, haul 71, R. C. Harrison; UW 112242, 3 (139.5 – 176.0 mm), 52.3217 ºN, 172.7447 ºW, 458 m depth, 16 June 1994, F / V Pacific Knight, cruise 1994 01, haul 54; UW 112278, 8 (109.8 – 157.0 mm), 52.3405 ºN, 172.7455 ºW, 441 m depth, 31 May 2002, F / V Morning Star, cruise 2002 01, haul 32, J. W. Orr; UW 112239, 1 (161.0 mm), 52.3282 ºN, 172.7468 ºW, 444 m depth, F / V Vesteraalen, cruise 2000 01, haul 67, W. C. Flerx; UW 112238, 2 (110.8 – 119.5 mm), 52.3282 ºN, 172.7468 ºW, 444 m depth, 4 June 2000, F / V Vesteraalen, cruise 2000 01, haul 67, benthic bag, W. C. Flerx; UW 113691, 16 (72.0 – 170.0 mm), 52.3255 ºN, 172.7466 ºW, 450 m depth, 19 June 2004, F / V Sea Storm, cruise 2004 01, haul 60, J. W. Orr; USNM 385683, 2 (113.0 – 165.0 mm), 52.3255 ºN, 172.7466 ºW, 450 m depth, 19 June 2004, F / V Sea Storm, cruise 2004 01, haul 60, benthic bag, J. W. Orr; USNM 385684, 1 (156.0 mm), 52.4888 ºN, 172.5564 ºW, 397 m depth, 20 June 2004, F / V Sea Storm, cruise 2004 01, haul 61, J. W. Orr; CAS 223481, 1 (146.0 mm), 52.5251 ºN, 172.0747 ºW, 364 m depth, 21 June 2004, F / V Sea Storm, cruise 2004 01, haul 66, J. W. Orr; CAS 223482, 1 (195.0 mm), 52.2102 ºN, 172.2060 ºW, 341 m depth, 23 June 2004, F / V Sea Storm, cruise 2004 01, haul 73, J. W. Orr.
description
Allocareproctus kallaion is easily distinguished from all other species of Allocareproctus by the following characters. Its body in life is a blotchy red unlike the uniform red to peach coloration of other species. Both in life and when preserved, the anterior part of the body and orobuccal cavity are darker, unlike the pale color of other species. It differs from all other species in having multiple lobes on the orobuccal valve (Fig. 12 B), high numbers (14 – 18 vs. 7 – 12 in all other species) of larger gill rakers with stronger spines on the tips, invariably 12 abdominal vertebrae, and a comblike uniserial row of teeth on the dentary. Its simple teeth further distinguish it from A. tanix, A. unangas, and A. ungak, which all possess moderately to strongly trilobed teeth (Fig. 2). Several morphometric characters differ significantly between A. kallaion and all other species of Allocareproctus. Head length, body depth, snout length, suborbital depths to oral cleft and mandible, predorsal length, snout to anus length, pelvicdisk length and width, and lengths of dorsal and analfin connections to the caudal fin are less, while pelvic disk to anus length is greater than in all other species.
description
Description Body depth at pectoralfin base 11.8 – 18.6 (15.4) %, at center of pelvic disk 13.8 – 21.2 (18.0) %, at analfin origin 14.0 – 22.0 (18.8) %. Predorsal length 22.7 – 28.6 (25.2) %. Preanal length 38.8 – 47.0 (43.4) %. Head large, width 12.4 – 19.6 (18.4) %, length 21.7 – 24.3 (22.4) %. Interorbital width 4.3 – 7.7 (5.1) %. Snout 5.5 – 8.8 (6.9) %. Mouth small, maxilla 7.5 – 11.3 (11.3) %, extending to anterior portion of orbit. Teeth simple, recurved, rarely with weak shoulders (Fig. 2 C), in a narrow band of 4 – 12 oblique rows of 5 – 10 teeth per row in all except the posterior outer row; outer row of 34 teeth forming comblike series. In all except outer row, middle teeth of each row largest; in outer row, first 20 teeth equally sized, succeeding teeth gradually smaller posteriorly. Orbit large, diameter 5.3 – 7.3 (6.1) %. Papillae present on many pores: present on nasal pore 1, absent from nasal pore 2; present on maxillary pores 2 – 6, rarely present on pore 1 (2 – 6); present on preoperculomandibular pores 5 – 7, often present also on pore 4 (5 – 7); present on suprabranchial pores 1 – 2 (Fig. 4 D). Papillae with slight pigment or unpigmented. Interorbital papilla absent. Cephalic free neuromasts large and profuse to nearly indiscernible over the interorbit and nape. Gill opening small, 4.6 – 6.7 (5.6) %, entirely above pectoral fin. Gill rakers on anterior arch 14 – 18 (16), stout with strong spines at tip. Orobuccal valve with 4 – 6 (4) fingerlike lobes, central lobe largest, other lobes successively smaller (Fig. 12 B). Dorsalfin rays 42 – 45 (44), tips of anterior 4 – 6 rays projecting from fin membrane, anteriormost rays about 30 % free from membrane, succeeding rays less so; posteriormost ray attached membranously to dorsalmost caudalfin ray for 2.0 – 4.4 (2.7) %. Anal fin with 33 – 37 (36) rays, posteriormost ray membranously attached to ventralmost caudalfin ray for 2.6 – 5.1 (3.4) %. One to three (2) analfin pterygiophores and associated rays anterior to first haemal spine. Pectoralfin rays 36 – 40 (37) in two lobes separated by shallow notch, 9 – 12 (10) rays in lower lobe. Dorsalmost ray at level just below ventral rim of orbit. Upper lobe rounded, extending to analfin origin, length 15.8 – 20.1 (17.6) %, with rays 6 – 7 (6) longest; length of shortest notch ray 4.3 – 9.5 (6.7) %; length of lower lobe 13.3 – 20.2 (15.0) %, extending between posterior margin of pelvic disk and anus, with ray 3 longest, rays 9 – 12 shortening ventrally. Pelvic disk large, length 8.0 – 9.7 (8.5) %, width 7.1 – 8.8 (7.8) %. Distance from disk to anus 2.7 – 9.4 (6.2) %, about 28 – 105 (73.7) % DL, distance from anus to analfin origin 11.6 – 18.9 (16.6) %, about 125 – 225 (196) % DL. Urogenital papilla conical, short, about 10 – 25 (11.2) % DL when protruded, unpigmented. Pyloric caeca about 22 – 27 (22), on right side of body, fingerlike, long, 25 – 50 (48.4) % HL. Caudal fin slightly rounded, 12.8 – 17.1 (14.3) %, depth at hypural plate 2.7 – 4.6 (2.9) %, with principal rays 11 – 14 (12), dorsal principal rays 5 – 7 (5), ventral principal rays 6 – 7 (7). Dorsal procurrent rays 2 – 3 (2), borne on epural and posteriormost neural spine; ventral procurrent ray 1 – 2 (1), borne on expanded posteriormost haemal spine. Vertebrae 45 – 49 (49), abdominal vertebrae 12, caudal vertebrae 33 – 37 (37). Color in life light red, with darker red blotches scattered over body, dark speckling at origin of dorsal fin, anterior part of body bluegray, posterior part of body blotchy red; iris silver gray. Color in alcohol dark gray anteriorly, becoming pale posteriorly, with pigment on cephalic papillae and at origin of dorsal fin. Peritoneum black; orobranchial cavity dark. Largest specimen examined a 195 mm male (CAS 223482). Smallest female with yolked eggs 162 mm; smallest male with enlarged, swollen testes 124 mm. Range Allocareproctus kallaion has been collected only in the eastcentral Aleutian Islands, from Seguam Pass to Yunaska Island at depths of 278 – 458 m (Fig. 9).
diagnosis
Diagnosis Teeth simple (Fig. 2 C); nasal pore 1 with pigmented papilla; peritoneum black; orobuccal valve with 4 – 6 fingerlike projections; orobuccal cavity dark; gill rakers 14 – 18, stout, with strong spines at tip; interorbital papilla absent; body blotchy red, darker gray anteriorly; iris silver gray.
discussion
Remarks Unlike other species of Allocareproctus, larger specimens of A. kallaion were often collected with greatly distended stomachs filled with water. This mechanism of inflation in A. kallaion is similar to that of puffer fishes (Tetraodontiformes; Brainerd 1994, Wainwright & Turingan 1997) and frogfishes (Antennariidae; Pietsch & Grobecker 1987). Members of the putative sister family of the Liparidae, the Cyclopteridae, are well known for their ability to expand when disturbed, although the mechanism of inflation has not been examined (Mecklenburg et al. 2002). Comparisons
etymology
Etymology The specific epithet is derived from the Greek “ ” for “ comb ”, an allusion to the multiple projections on the orobuccal valve and the single row of teeth on the posterior part of the dentary.