Nephtys hombergii Savigny
- Dataset
- Nephtyidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Sea of Marmara and Black Sea, with descriptions of two new species
- Rank
- SPECIES
Classification
- kingdom
- Animalia
- phylum
- Annelida
- class
- Polychaeta
- order
- Phyllodocida
- family
- Nephtyidae
- genus
- Nephtys
- species
- Nephtys hombergii
description
(Figure 6)
description
Description. Largest specimen complete, 65.7 mm long and 3.14 mm wide, with 91 chaetigers. Body wider anteriorly and tapering gradually from middle region to pygidium. Colour cream in ethanol, some large specimens with dark-brownish pigmentation on anterior region (on dorsal side of first 10 – 15 chaetigers). Prostomium subrectangular (0.43 mm long, 0.54 mm wide), anterior margin slightly convex, posterior margin “ U ” shaped. Shape of prostomium changes to subpentagonal and posterior margin of prostomium changes to “ V ” shaped when pharynx everted (Fig. 6 A). One pair of eyes visible on prostomium of small specimens. One pair of conspicuous nuchal organ situated in postero-lateral margin of prostomium. Antennae conical, smaller (90 µm) than palps. Palps and ventral cirri of chaetiger 1 having similar size (150 µm) and shape (broad base and tapering distally). One pair of dark brown jaws (0.8 mm), triangular, deeply incised at base (Fig. 6 F), situated on antero-lateral margin of pharynx. Pharynx with 10 bifid terminal papillae (0.3 mm) separated by a dorsal and ventral gap; 22 rows of 3 – 5 conical subdistal papillae (largest one 0.3 mm), extending over 1 / 3 length of pharynx. Proximal region smooth. Middorsal papilla long (0.5 mm), slender and conical (Fig. 6 A), midventral papilla absent. Parapodia of chaetiger 1 smaller than subsequent ones, directed forward parallel to prostomium, having only a lamelliform dorsal and ventral cirri and well developed acicular lobes. Postchaetal lamellae well developed on neuropodia of chaetiger 3 and on notopodia of chaetiger 4 (same in small and large specimens). Parapodia biramous; interramal space “ U ” shaped. In anterior region (chaetiger 10) notopodial postchaetal lamellae truncated, longer than acicular lobe. Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae (0.7 mm) rounded, longer than acicular lobes (0.4 mm). Notopodial prechaetal lamellae rounded, neuropodial prechaetal lamella triangular, both almost equal in size to acicular lobe (Fig. 6 B). In middle region (chaetiger 20 – 40) notopodial postchaetal lamellae truncated, rounded after chaetiger 25 – 30, longer than acicular lobe. Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae rounded (1 mm, to base of neuropodia), almost two times longer than acicular lobe (0.5 mm). Noto- and neuropodial prechaetal lamellae unequally bilobed [inner parts much larger than outer ones (Figs. 6 C, D)]. In posterior region (chaetiger 80) notopodial postchaetal lamellae more rounded and almost equal in size to acicular lobe. Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae (0.7 mm) almost two times longer than acicular lobe (0.3 mm) (Fig. 6 E) but reduced in size on last 10 – 11 chaetigers. Ventral margin of neuropodial postchaetal lamellae bending up towards dorsal side and enlarging towards tips in middle and posterior parapodia (Figs. 6 D, E). Prechaetal lamellae of posterior chaetigers similar in shape (bilobed unequally) with those median chaetigers. Acicular lobes rounded on anterior chaetigers and becoming more conical in middle and posterior end. A prominent papilliform outgrowth of acicular lobe first appearing on chaetiger 5 (on chaetigers 3 and 4 in large specimens) and lacking in last 30 – 35 chaetigers. Dorsal cirri small (0.2 mm), digitiform on anterior chaetigers, becoming conical on middle and posterior chaetigers. Ventral cirri small (0.13 mm), conical. Branchiae long and cirriform, recurved, first appearing on chaetigers 4 – 6, continuing to posterior end, absent in last 2 – 12 parapodia (Figs. 6 B – E). Papillae-like basal projection first appearing on dorsal surface of second branchiae, becoming larger posteriorly, almost as long as dorsal cirri in posterior chaetigers. Interramal space and branchiae heavily ciliated, especially in anterior chaetigers. Three types of chaetae present in parapodia: capillary chaetae, spinulated chaetae and barred chaetae. Chaetiger 1 with 7 – 8 barred and 3 – 4 spinulated chaetae with very smooth teeth in notopodia, and 17 – 18 capillary chaetae in neuropodia. Subsequent chaetigers with 15 – 17 barred chaetae (500 µm) in preacicular position of noto- and neuropodia (Fig. 6 G) and 20 – 25 spinulated chaetae (1000 µm) with one lateral row of spines in postacicular position of noto- and neuropodia (Fig. 6 H). Acicula reddish-brown, thicker on posterior chaetigers, numbering one per ramus; with a straight tip in anterior parapodia, with a curved tip in posterior parapodia. Pygidium rounded with one digitiform anal cirrus placed dorsally, as long as the last 5 – 6 chaetigers.
discussion
Remarks. The Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara’s specimens of Nephtys hombergii mostly match the original and subsequent descriptions of the species. However, there are some variation in where the branchiae first appear among populations from different regions. The first appearence of branchiae have been mostly reported on chaetiger 4 or 5: on chaetiger 4 in the specimens from Dinar (French Atlantic coast) (Saint-Joseph 1894), North Sea (Heinen 1911) and eastern Australian coast (Tebble 1955), on chaetiger 5 in the British specimens (McIntosh 1908), and on chaetigers 4 or 5 (rarely on chaetiger 6) on the specimens from the north Atlantic (Ravara et al. 2010) and Black Sea (Dnestrovskaya 2020). Branchiae usually start on chaetiger 5 (rarely on chaetiger 4) in the Black Sea specimens, and on chaetiger 4 or 6 (rarely on chaetiger 5) in the Sea of Marmara specimens.
distribution
Distribution. Atlantic Ocean (Rainer 1991; Ravara et al. 2010; Gil 2011; Gillet 2017); Mediterranean Sea (Laborda 2004; Castelli et al. 2008; Çinar et al. 2014; Mikac 2015); Black Sea (Kiseleva 2004; Surugiu 2006; Kurt- Şahin & Çinar 2012; Çinar et al. 2014; Kurt-Şahin et al. 2017 a; Dnestrovskaya 2020). Habitat. Nephtys hombergii occurs in fine sand and mud in shallow and deep waters [557 m (Rainer 1991); 330 m (Gil 2011);> 600 m (Çinar et al. 2014); up to 1000 m (Laborda 2004)]. In this study, it was found between 0 – 50 m in the Sea of Marmara and 0 – 72 m in the Black Sea.
materials_examined
Material examined. Sea of Marmara: ESFM-POL / 2012 - 499, 02 October 2012, station K 17, 40 ° 48 ’ 58 ’’ N, 26 ° 39 ’ 37 ’’ E, 0 - 4 m, Mytilus sp., 2 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1240, 06 June 2013, station Y 1, 40 ° 01 ’ 27 ’’ N, 26 ° 13 ’ 24 ’’ E, 10 m, mud with dark detritic material, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1242, 07 June 2013, station Y 5, 40 ° 20 ’ 55 ’’ N, 26 ° 40 ’ 38 ’’ E, 25 m, mud, 1 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1243, 07 June 2013, station Y 6, 40 ° 26 ’ 10 ’’ N, 26 ° 41 ’ 51 ’’ E, 10 m, mud, 1 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1246, 07 June 2013, station Y 6, 40 ° 26 ’ 03 ’’ N, 26 ° 41 ’ 59 ’’ E, 25 m, mud, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1249, 7 June 2013, station Y 8, 40 ° 25 ’ 27 ’’ N, 27 ° 03 ’ 34 ’’ E, 25 m, mud with Amphiura filiformis, 3 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1250, 08 June 2013, station Y 9, 40 ° 26 ’ 25 ’’ N, 27 ° 11 ’ 29 ’’ E, 25 m, mud with Amphiura filiformis and shell fragments, 3 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1252, 08 June 2013, station Y 11, 40 ° 36 ’ 12 ’’ N, 27 ° 05 ’ 20 ’’ E, 10 m, sandy mud, 12 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1255, 08 June 2013, station Y 12, 40 ° 40 ’ 38 ’’ N, 27 ° 16 ’ 25 ’’ E, 10 m, fine sand with Spisupa sp. shell fragments, 2 specimens; ESFM- POL / 2013 - 1256, 08 June 2013, station Y 12, 40 ° 39 ’ 44 ’’ N, 27 ° 17 ’ 00 ’’ E, 25 m, mud with Amphiura filiformis, 3 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1257, 09 June 2013, station Y 17, 40 ° 39 ’ 09 ’ N, 27 ° 41 ’ 14 ’’ E, 25 m, mud, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1258, 10 June 2013, station Y 18, 40 ° 54 ’ 28 ’’ N, 27 ° 33 ’ 24 ’’ E, 25 m, muddy sand with Lithothamnion sp., 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1263, 12 June 2013, station Y 19, 40 ° 57 ’ 28 ’’ N, 27 ° 42 ’ 16 ’’ E, 50 m, sandy mud with shell fragments, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2013 1266, 15 June 2013, station Y 21, 40 ° 29 ’ 54 ’’ N, 27 ° 58 ’ 28 ’’ E, 25 m, sandy mud with shell fragments, 3 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1267, 16 June 2013, station Y 22, 40 ° 22 ’ 18 ’’ N, 28 ° 00 ’ 41 ’’ E, 10 m, sand, 3 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1269, 16 June 2013, station Y 22, 40 ° 23 ’ 22 ’’ N, 27 ° 59 ’ 46 ’’ E, 50 m, sandy mud with shell fragments, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1270, 16 June 2013, station Y 23, 40 ° 23 ’ 55 ’’ N, 28 ° 09 ’ 49 ’’ E, 10 m, sandy mud with shell fragments, 2 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1273, 16 June 2013, station Y 23, 40 ° 24 ’ 06 ’’ N, 28 ° 09 ’ 57 ’’ E, 25 m, sandy mud with shell fragments, 6 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1274, 16 June 2013, station Y 25, 40 ° 24 ’ 280 ’’ N, 28 ° 20 ’ 840 ’’ E, 10 m, sandy mud with shell fragments, 1 specimen; ESFM- POL / 2013 - 1275, 16 June 2013, station Y 25, 40 ° 24 ’ 48 ’’ N, 28 ° 20 ’ 41 ’’ E, 25 m, sandy mud with shell fragments, 2 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1277, 16 June 2013, station Y 26, 40 ° 22 ’ 06 ’’ N, 28 ° 39 ’ 55 ’’ E, 10 m, sandy mud with shell fragments, 3 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1279, 16 June 2013, station Y 27, 40 ° 23 ’ 30 ’’ N, 29 ° 03 ’ 54 ’’ E, 10 m, mud with shell fragments, 2 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1280, station Y 27, 40 ° 23 ’ 30 ’’ N, 29 ° 03 ’ 49 ’’ E, 25 m, mud, 8 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1282, 16 June 2013, station Y 28, 17 June 2013, 40 ° 57 ’ 20 ’’ N, 28 ° 07 ’ 21 ’’ E, 25 m, sandy mud, 25 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1284, 23 June 2013, station Y 33, 40 ° 58 ’ 21 ’’ N, 28 ° 45 ’ 14 ’’ E, 10 m, mud with shell fragments, 22 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1285, 22 June 2013, station Y 36, 40 ° 57 ’ 57 ’’ N, 29 ° 01 ’ 14 ’’ E, 10 m, sandy mud, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1287, 21 June 2013, station Y 37, 40 ° 52 ’ 22 ’’ N, 29 ° 13 ’ 23 ’’ E, sandy mud with shell fragments, 10 m, 11 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1289, 19 June 2013, station Y 39, 40 ° 39 ’ 36 ’’ N, 29 ° 09 ’ 18 ’’ E, 10 m, sandy mud with dark detritic material, 3 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1290, 20 June 2013, station Y 42, 40 ° 46 ’ 37 ’’ N, 29 ° 28 ’ 54 ’’ E, 10 m, sand, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1292, 20 June 2013, station Y 43, 40 ° 41 ’ 29 ’’ N, 29 ° 35 ’ 33 ’’ E, 10 m, sandy mud with shell fragments, 4 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1293, 20 June 2013, station Y 44, 40 ° 46 ’ 28 ’’ N, 29 ° 41 ’ 52 ’’ E, 10 m, mud with shell fragments, 2 specimens; ESFM- POL / 2013 - 1294, 20 June 2013, station Y 45, 40 ° 44 ’ 33 ’’ N, 29 ° 55 ’ 46 ’’ E, 10 m, mud with shell fragments, 1 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1297, 20 June 2013, station Y 48, 41 ° 07 ’ 36 ’’ N, 29 ° 05 ’ 29 ’’ E, 25 m, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1299, 26 June 2013, station Y 49, 41 ° 09 ’ 15 ’’ N, 29 ° 02 ’ 20 ’’ E, 10 m, mud, 7 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2013 - 1301, 26 June 2013, station Y 49, 41 ° 09 ’ 08 ’’ N, 29 ° 02 ’ 40 ’’ E, 25 m, mud with shell fragments, 9 secimen; Black Sea: ESFM- POL / 2014 - 635, 12 July 2014, station TRK 7, 41 ° 18 ’ 40 ” N, 29 ° 40 ’ 10 ” E, 27 m, mud with shell fragments, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2014 - 636, 13 July 2014, station TRK 10, 41 ° 19 ’ 40 ” N, 30 ° 47 ’ 55 ” E, 21 m, coarse sand with shell fragments, 2 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2014 - 637, 14 July 2014, station TRK 13, 41 ° 37 ’ 20 ” N, 31 ° 51 ’ 3 ” E, 21 m, coarse sand with phytodetritic material, 3 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2014 - 638, 14 July 2014, staion TRK 16, 41 ° 43 ’ 10 ” N, 32 ° 4 ’ 60 ” E, 21 m, shell fragments with phytodetritic material, 2 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2014 - 639, 14 July 2014, station TRK 19, 42 ° 6 ’ 47 ” N, 33 ° 3 ’ 35 ” E, 21 m, shell fragments with phytodetritic material, 4 specimens; ESFM- POL / 2014 - 640, 15 July 2014, station TRK 22, 42 ° 2 ’ 34 ” N, 33 ° 49 ’ 33 ” E, 25 m, mud with shell fragments, 3 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2014 - 641, 17 July 2014, station TRK 34 Y, 41 ° 33 ’ 40 ” N, 36 ° 34 ’ 19 ” E, 21 m, mud with phytodetritic material, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2014 - 642, 18 July 2014, station TRK 44, 41 ° 4 ’ 2 ” N, 38 ° 2 ’ 49 ” E, 52 m, shell fragments with phytodetritic material, 4 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2014 - 643, 19 July 2014, station TRK 53, 41 ° 0 ’ 54 ” N, 38 ° 27 ’ 20 ” E, mud with phytodetritic material, 52 m, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2015 - 286, 02 July 2015, station TRK 1, 41 ° 55 ’ 34 ” N, 28 ° 12 ’ 27 ” E, 21 m, shell fragments with fine sand, 3 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2015 - 287, 03 July 2015, station TRK 10, 41 ° 19 ’ 40 ” N, 30 ° 47 ’ 55 ” E, 20 m, shell fragments with fine sand, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2015 - 286, 04 July 2015, station TRKE 1, 41 ° 23 ’ 36 ” N, 31 ° 38 ’ 11 ” E, 13 m, shell fragments with phytodetritic material, 10 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2015 - 288, 04 July 2015, station TRK 13, 41 ° 37 ’ 20 ” N, 31 ° 51 ’ 3 ” E, 18 m, shell fragments with fine sand and phytodetritic material, 4 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2015 - 289, 05 July 2015, station TRK 22, 42 ° 02 ’ 34 ” N, 33 ° 49 ’ 33 ” E, 21 m, shell fragments with detritic material, 2 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2015 - 290, 08 July 2015, station TRK 34 Y, 41 ° 33 ’ 40 ” N, 36 ° 34 ’ 19 ” E, 20 m, mud and fine sand with detritic material, 2 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2015 - 291, 11 July 2015, station TRK 55, 41 ° 1 ’ 45 ” N, 39 ° 54 ’ 15 ” E, 35 m, shell fragments with detritic material, 2 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2015 - 292, 11 July 2015, station TRK 61, 41 ° 3 ’ 60 ” N, 40 ° 38 ’ 24 ” E, 65 m, shell fragments with detritic material, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2016 - 229, 24 July 2016, station TRK 10, 41 ° 19 ’ 40 ” N, 30 ° 47 ’ 55 ” E, 20 m, shell fragments with phytodetritic material, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2016 - 230, 26 July 2016, station TRK 16, 41 ° 43 ’ 10 ” N, 32 ° 4 ’ 60 ” E, 20 m, mud with phytodetritic material, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2016 - 231, 25 July 2016, station TRK 19, 42 ° 6 ’ 47 ” N, 33 ° 3 ’ 35 ” E, 45 m, mud with shell fragments and phytodetritic material, 8 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2016 - 232, 27 July 2016, station TRK 32, 42 ° 0 ’ 57.24 ” N, 35 ° 9 ’ 28.51 ” E, 60 m, mud with shell fragments, 3 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2016 - 233, 27 July 2016, station TRK 34 Y, 41 ° 19 ’ 40 ” N, 36 ° 32 ’ 10 ” E, 21 m, shell fragments with phytodetritic material, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2016 - 234, 27 July 2016, station TRK 35, 41 ° 33 ’ 40 ” N, 36 ° 34 ’ 19 ” E, 50 m, mud with phytodetritic material, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2016 - 235, 28 July 2016, station TRK 44, 41 ° 2 ’ 43 ” N, 38 ° 3 ’ 20 ” E, 51 m, shell fragments with phytodetritic material, 3 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2016 - 236, 31 July 2016, station TRK 55, 41 ° 3 ’ 60 ” N, 40 ° 38 ’ 24 ” E, 26 m, shell fragments with phytodetritic material, 5 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2016 - 237, 01 August 2016, station TRK 61, 41 ° 46 ’ 0 ” N, 41 ° 31 ’ 0 ” E, 69 m, shell fragments with phytodetritic material, 2 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2017 - 191, 26 July 2017, station TRK 19, 42 ° 6 ’ 47 ” N, 33 ° 3 ’ 35 ” E, 43 m, mud and shell fragments with phytodetritic material, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2017 - 192, 27 July 2017, station TRK 22, 42 ° 2 ’ 34 ” N, 33 ° 49 ’ 33 ” E, 27 m, shell fragments with phytodetritic material, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2017 - 193, 27 July 2017, station TRK 25, 42 ° 16 ’ 60 ” N, 34 ° 56 ’ 14 ” E, 19 m, mud with shell fragments, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2017 - 194, 30 July 2017, station TRK 34 Y, 41 ° 19 ’ 40 ” N, 36 ° 32 ’ 10 ” E, 20 m, mud with phytodetritic material, 2 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2017 - 195, 30 July 2017, station TRK 35, 41 ° 33 ’ 40 ” N, 36 ° 34 ’ 19 ” E, 51 m, mud with shell fragments, 8 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2017 - 196, 31 July 2017, station TRK 37, 41 ° 32 ’ 60 ” N, 36 ° 40 ’ 40 ” E, 8 m, shell fragments with phytodetritic material, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2017 - 197, 31 July 2017, station TRK 44, 41 ° 4 ’ 2 ” N, 38 ° 2 ’ 49 ” E, 48 m, shell fragments with phytodetritic material, 5 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2018 - 143, 24 July 2018, station TRK 16, 41 ° 43 ’ 10 ” N, 32 ° 4 ’ 60 ” E, 22 m, mud with detritic material, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2018 - 144, 27 July 2018, station TRK 32, 42 ° 0 ’ 57.24 ” N, 35 ° 9 ’ 28.51 ” E, 24 m, mud with phytodetritic material, 4 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2018 - 145, 28 July 2018, station TRK 34 Y, 41 ° 19 ’ 40 ” N, 36 ° 32 ’ 10 ” E, 48 m, mud, 6 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2018 - 146, 28 July 2018, station TRK 35, 41 ° 33 ’ 40 ” N, 36 ° 34 ’ 19 ” E, 20 m, mud with phytodetritic material, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2018 - 147, 31 July 2018, station TRK 55, 41 ° 3 ’ 60 ” N, 40 ° 38 ’ 24 ” E, 25 m, sand, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2018 - 148, 01 August 2018, station TRK 61, 41 ° 46 ’ 0 ” N, 41 ° 31 ’ 0 ” E, 45 m, mud with phytodetritic material, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2019 - 46, 7 July 2019, station TRKE 1, 41 ° 23 ’ 36 ” N, 31 ° 38 ’ 11 ” E, 14 m, fine sand with shell fragments, 1 specimen; ESFM-POL / 2019 - 47, 08 July 2019, station TRK 19, 42 ° 6 ’ 47 ” N, 33 ° 3 ’ 35 ” E, 24 m, mud with shell fragments, 1 specimen; ESFM- POL / 2019 - 48, 10 July 2019, station TRK 32, 42 ° 0 ’ 57.24 ” N, 35 ° 9 ’ 28.51 ” E, 24 m, mud 5 specimens; ESFM- POL / 2019 - 49, 14 July 2019, station TRK 44, 41 ° 2 ’ 43 ” N, 38 ° 3 ’ 20 ” E, 48 m, clay and phytodetritic material, 3 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2019 - 50, 15 July 2019, 41 ° 1 ’ 45 ” N, 39 ° 54 ’ 15 ” E, station TRK 53, 35 m, mud with sand and detritic material, 4 specimens; ESFM-POL / 2019 - 51, 16 July 2019, station TRK 61, 41 ° 46 ’ 0 ” N, 41 ° 31 ’ 0 ” E, 45 m, mud, 2 specimens.
Name
- Synonyms
- Nephthys hombergii Savigny
- Homonyms
- Nephtys hombergii Savigny